P Block Group 14 (Carbon Family) Notes, Trends & Important Questions

Q 1 :

Given below are two statements :

Statement I: The number of pairs among $[{SiO}_{2}, {CO}_{2}], [SnO, {SnO}_{2}], [PbO, {PbO}_{2}] and [GeO, {GeO}_{2}]$ which contain oxides that are both amphoteric is 2.

Statement II: ${BF}_{3}$ is an electron deficient molecule, can act as a Lewis acid, forms adduct with ${NH}_{3}$ and has a trigonal planar geometry.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below [2026]

Statement I is false but Statement II is true
Both Statement I and Statement II are false
Statement I is true but Statement II is false
Both Statement I and Statement II are true

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(4)

$\Rightarrow {SiO}_{2}, {CO}_{2}, GeO, {GeO}_{2} are acidic in nature.$

$SnO, {SnO}_{2}, PbO, {PbO}_{2} are amphoteric in nature.$

$\Rightarrow {BF}_{3}$ is Lewis acid according to Lewis octet theory and has $s p^{2}$ hybridization with trigonal planar geometry and it can accept lone pair from ammonia to form adduct.

Q 2 :

Choose the INCORRECT statement [2026]

Among the isotopes of carbon, ${}^{13}C$ is a radioactive isotope.
Carbon cannot exceed its covalency more than four.
${CO}_{2}$ is the most acidic oxide among the dioxides of group 14 elements.
Carbon exhibits negative oxidation states along with +4 and +2.

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$C^{13}$ is not radioactive

$C^{14}$ is radioactive

Q 3 :

It is noticed that ${Pb}^{2 +}$ is more stable than ${Pb}^{4 +} but {Sn}^{2 +}$ is less stable than ${Sn}^{4 +}$ .

Observe the following reactions.

${PbO}_{2} + Pb \to 2 PbO; Δ_{r} G ° (1)$

${SnO}_{2} + Sn \to 2 SnO; Δ_{r} G ° (2)$

Identify the correct set from the following: [2026]

$Δ_{r} G ° (1) < 0; Δ_{r} G ° (2) < 0$
$Δ_{r} G ° (1) < 0; Δ_{r} G ° (2) > 0$
$Δ_{r} G ° (1) > 0; Δ_{r} G ° (2) > 0$
$Δ_{r} G ° (1) > 0; Δ_{r} G ° (2) < 0$

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(2)

${PbO}_{2} + Pb \to 2 PbO$

${Pb}^{2 +} is more stable hence reaction will be spontaneous. So Δ G_{r} ° (1) is negative.$

${SnO}_{2} + Sn \to 2 SnO$

${Sn}^{2 +} is less stable, so reaction will be non-spontaneous hence Δ G_{r} ° (2) is positive.$

Q 4 :

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

In ${[S i F_{6}]}^{2 -}$ , ${[G e C l_{6}]}^{2 -}$ and ${[S n {(O H)}_{6}]}^{2 -}$ ; the central atoms are in $s p^{3} d^{2}$ hybridized state.
Both Carbon and Silicon cannot exceed their covalence more than four.
Lead is more stable in +2 oxidation state due to inert pair effect.
In group-14 carbon has unique ability of forming $p π - p π$ multiple bonds with itself and also with small sized atom like O, N etc.

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C = 4, Si = 6

Q 5 :

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: The second ionization enthalpy of B, Al and Ga is in the order of $B > Al > Ga$ .

Statement II: The correct order in terms of first ionisation enthalpy is $Si < Ge < Pb < Sn$ .

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below: [2026]

Both Statement I and Statement II are true
Both Statement I and Statement II are false
Statement I is true but Statement II is false
Statement I is false but Statement II is true

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Statement I: Trend of second ionization energy for group 13 elements is (data in $kJ/mol$ ):

$B (2427) > Ga (1979) > Tl (1971) > In (1820) > Al (1816)$

Statement II : Ionization energy decreases down the group. For group 14 elements, an exception is ionization of Pb is more than that of Sn due to poor shielding of 4f electrons. Thus, decreasing order of ionization energy for group 14 elements is (data in $kJ/mol$ ):

$C (1086) > Si (786) > Ge (761) > Pb (715) > Sn (708)$

Topic Question Set

Q 2 :

Choose the INCORRECT statement [2026]

Q 3 :

It is noticed that ${Pb}^{2 +}$ is more stable than ${Pb}^{4 +} but {Sn}^{2 +}$ is less stable than ${Sn}^{4 +}$ .

Observe the following reactions.

${PbO}_{2} + Pb \to 2 PbO; Δ_{r} G ° (1)$

${SnO}_{2} + Sn \to 2 SnO; Δ_{r} G ° (2)$

Identify the correct set from the following: [2026]

Q 4 :

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

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Topic Question Set

Q 2 : Choose the INCORRECT statement [2026]

Q 3 : It is noticed that Pb2+ is more stable than Pb4+ but Sn2+ is less stable than Sn4+. Observe the following reactions. PbO2+Pb→2PbO; ΔrG°(1) SnO2+Sn→2SnO; ΔrG°(2) Identify the correct set from the following: [2026]

Q 4 : Which of the following statements is incorrect?

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Q 2 :

Choose the INCORRECT statement [2026]

Q 3 :

It is noticed that ${Pb}^{2 +}$ is more stable than ${Pb}^{4 +} but {Sn}^{2 +}$ is less stable than ${Sn}^{4 +}$ .

Observe the following reactions.

${PbO}_{2} + Pb \to 2 PbO; Δ_{r} G ° (1)$

${SnO}_{2} + Sn \to 2 SnO; Δ_{r} G ° (2)$

Identify the correct set from the following: [2026]

Q 4 :

Which of the following statements is incorrect?