Q 1 :

In a Young's double slit experiment, the slit separation d is 0.3 mm and the screen distance D is 1 m. A parallel beam of light of wavelength 600 nm is incident on the slits at angle α as shown in figure. On the screen, the point O is equidistant from the slits and distance PO is 11.0 mm. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?       [2019]

[IMAGE 1154]

  • For α=0, there will be constructive interference at point P

     

  • Fringe spacing depends on α

     

  • For α=0.36π degree, there will be destructive interference at point P

     

  • For α=0.36π degree, there will be destructive interference at point O

     

(3)

Path difference, Δx=dsinα+dsinθ=dα+ydD             [when α and θ are small]

[IMAGE 1155]

(1)    For α=0, path difference

Δx=ydD=0.3×111000=33×10-4 mm

Now, Δxλ=33×10-4600×10-6=112

 Δx=112λ=(2n-1)λ2

Hence, interference at P is destructive.

(2)    Fringe width, β=λDd is independent of α

(3)    For α=0.36π degree  (at point P),

Δx=d[α+yD]=0.3×10-3[0.36180+11×10-31] m=3900 nm

Now,  Δxλ=3900600=132λ

Hence, destructive interference at P

(4)   For α=0.36π degree  (at point O)

Δx=dα=0.3×10-3×0.36180=600×10-9 m=600 nm

Now,  Δxλ=1Δx=1λ

Hence, constructive interference at O



Q 2 :

In the Young's double slit experiment using a monochromatic light of wavelength λ, the path difference (in terms of an integer n) corresponding to any point having half the peak intensity is                          [2013]

  • (2n+1)λ2

     

  • (2n+1)λ4

     

  • (2n+1)λ8

     

  • (2n+1)λ16

     

(2)

Intensity,  I=I0cos2ϕ2  where I0 is the peak intensity.

Here,  I=I02,   I02=I0cos2ϕ2,   ϕ=π2(2n+1)

  ϕ=π2, 3π2, 5π2, 

And path difference,

Δx=(λ2π)ϕ

  Δx=λ4, 3λ4, , (2n+1)λ4



Q 3 :

Young's double slit experiment is carried out by using green, red and blue light, one colour at a time. The fringe widths recorded are bG, bR and bB respectively. Then,            [2012]

  • bG>bB>bR

     

  • bB>bG>bR

     

  • bR>bB>bG

     

  • bR>bG>bB

     

(4)

We know that fringe width, β=λDd

 λR>λG>λB

  βR>βG>βB



Q 4 :

In Young's double slit experiment intensity at a point is (14) of the maximum intensity. Angular position of this point is                  [2005]

  • sin-1(λd)

     

  • sin-1(λ2d)

     

  • sin-1(λ3d)

     

  • sin-1(λ4d)

     

(3)

[IMAGE 1156]

I=Imaxcos2

=Imaxcos2(πdsinθλ)

4=2πλd sin θ

Imax4=Imaxcos2(πdsinθλ)

or, cos(πdsinθλ)=12 πdsinθλ=π3

 θ=sin-1(λ3d)



Q 5 :

Monochromatic light of wavelength 400 nm and 560 nm are incident simultaneously and normally on a double slits apparatus whose slit separation is 0.1 mm and screen distance is 1 m. Distance between areas of total darkness will be                       [2004]

  • 4 mm

     

  • 5.6 mm

     

  • 14 mm

     

  • 28 mm

     

(4)

At the area of total darkness, minima will occur for both the wavelengths incident simultaneously and normally.

  (2n+1)2λ1=(2m+1)2λ2 (2n+1)λ1=(2m+1)λ2

or,  (2n+1)(2m+1)=560400=75   or   10n=14m+2

By inspection, for m=2, n=3 and for m=7, n=10, the distance between them will be the distance between such points.

i.e.,  Δs=Dλ1d[(2n2+1)-(2n1+1)2]

Put  n2=10,    n1=3

Δs=1×(400×10-9)0.1×10-3[21-72]=28 mm



Q 6 :

In the ideal double-slit experiment, when a glass plate (refractive index 1.5) of thickness t is introduced in the path of one of the interfering beams (wavelength λ), the intensity at the position where the central maximum occurred previously remains unchanged. The minimum thickness of the glass plate is                       [2002]

  • 2λ

     

  • 2λ3

     

  • λ3

     

  • λ

     

(1)

Path difference =(μ-1)t=nλ;

For minimum tn=1;    t=nλ(μ-1)=λ(1.5-1)=2λ



Q 7 :

In a Young's double slit experiment, 12 fringes are observed to be formed in a certain segment of the screen when light of wavelength 600 nm is used. If the wavelength of light is changed to 400 nm, the number of fringes observed in the same segment of the screen is given by                              [2001]

  • 12

     

  • 18

     

  • 24

     

  • 30

     

(2)

Fringe width, ω=12λ1Dd=kλ2Dd

 k=12×600400=18

Hence, the number of fringes observed in the same segment of the screen =18



Q 8 :

In a double slit experiment instead of taking slits of equal widths, one slit is made twice as wide as the other. Then, in the interference pattern                [2000]

  • the intensities of both the maxima and the minima increase

     

  • the intensity of the maxima increases and the minima has zero intensity

     

  • the intensity of the maxima decreases and that of the minima increases

     

  • the intensity of the maxima decreases and the minima has zero intensity

     

(1)

When slits are of equal width,

      Imax(a+a)2=(4a2)

       Imin(a-a)2=(0)

When one slit's width is twice that of the other,

       I1I2=W1W2=a2b2W2W=a2b2b=2a

  Imax(a+2a)2=(5.8a2)

       Imin(2a-a)2=(0.17a2)

Clearly, the intensities of both the maxima and minima increase.



Q 9 :

A Young's double slit interference arrangement with slits S1 and S2 is immersed in water (refractive index =43) as shown in the figure.

[IMAGE 1157]

The positions of maximum on the surface of water are given by x2=p2m2λ2-d2, where λ is the wavelength of light in air (refractive index =1), 2d is the separation between the slits and m is an integer. The value of p is                             [2015]



(3)

For maxima, Path difference =mλ

  S2A-S1A=mλ

[IMAGE 1158]

 [(n-1)d2+x2+d2+x2]-d2+x2=mλ

  (n-1)d2+x2=mλ

  (43-1)d2+x2=mλ

  d2+x2=3mλ

  d2+x2=9m2λ2

  x2=9m2λ2-d2

Comparing this equation with the given equation x2=p2m2λ2-d2,

we get  p2=9

  p=3



Q 10 :

A double slit setup is shown in the figure. One of the slits is in medium 2 of refractive index n2. The other slit is at the interface of this medium with another medium 1 of refractive index n1(n1n2). The line joining the slits is perpendicular to the interface and the distance between the slits is d. The slit widths are much smaller than d. A monochromatic parallel beam of light is incident on the slits from medium 1. A detector is placed in medium 2 at a large distance from the slits, and at an angle θ from the line joining them, so that θ equals the angle of refraction of the beam. Consider two approximately parallel rays from the slits received by the detector.          

[IMAGE 1159]

Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?                 [2022]

  • The phase difference between the two rays is independent of d.

     

  • The two rays interfere constructively at the detector.

     

  • The phase difference between the two rays depends on n1 but is independent of n2.

     

  • The phase difference between the two rays vanishes only for certain values of d and the angle of incidence of the beam, with θ being the corresponding angle of refraction.

     

Select one or more options

(1, 2)

[IMAGE 1160]

We have, AB=d tan θ

and  BC=ABsinα=dtanθsinα

Also, AD=ABsinθ=dtanθsinθ

So, optical path difference

=n1BC-n2AD

=n1(dtanθsinα)-n2(dtanθsinθ)

=dtanθ(n1sinα-n2sinθ)=dtanθ×0=0

So, (1) and (2) are correct, and (3) and (4) are incorrect.



Q 11 :

While conducting the Young's double slit experiment, a student replaced the two slits with a large opaque plate in the x-y plane containing two small holes that act as two coherent point sources (S1,S2) emitting light of wavelength 600 nm. The student mistakenly placed the screen parallel to the x-z plane (for z>0) at a distance D = 3 m from the mid-point of S1S2, as shown schematically in the figure. The distance between the sources is d=0.6003 mm. The origin O is at the intersection of screen and the line joining S1S2. Which of the following is(are) true of the intensity pattern on the screen?                     [2016]

[IMAGE 1161]

  • Straight bright and dark bands parallel to the x-axis

     

  • The region very close to the point O will be dark

     

  • Hyperbolic bright and dark bands with foci symmetrically placed about O in the x-direction

     

  • Semicircular bright and dark bands centered at point O

     

Select one or more options

(2, 4)

Path difference at O =d=0.6003 mm

For  nλ2=d,

we get  n=2001

As n is a whole number, the condition for minima is satisfied.

Therefore, 'O' will be dark, i.e., minima is formed at 'O'.

Also, as the screen is perpendicular to the plane containing the slits S1 and S2, the fringes obtained will be semi-circular (only the top half of the screen is available)



Q 12 :

A light source, which emits two wavelengths λ1=400 nm and λ2=600 nm, is used in a Young's double slit experiment. If recorded fringe widths for λ1 and λ2 are β1 and β2 and the number of fringes for them within a distance y on one side of the central maximum are m1 and m2 respectively, then                  [2014]

  • β2>β1

     

  • m1>m2

     

  • From the central maximum, 3rd maximum of λ2 overlaps with 5th minimum of λ1

     

  • The angular separation of fringes for λ1 is greater than that for λ2

     

Select one or more options

(1, 2, 3)

We know that fringe width, β=λDd

  λ2>λ1

  β2>β1

Number of fringes in a given width, m1β

  m1>m2

3×λ2Dd=(2×5-1)λ1D2d

3×600=4.5×400

Angular separation, λdλ

So, it is greater for λ2



Q 13 :

In a Young's double slit experiment, the separation between the two slits is d and the wavelength of the light is λ. The intensity of light falling on slit 1 is four times the intensity of light falling on slit 2. Choose the correct choice(s).                  [2008]

  • If d=λ, the screen will contain only one maximum

     

  • If λ<d<2λ, at least one more maximum (besides the central maximum) will be observed on the screen

     

  • If the intensity of light falling on slit 1 is reduced so that it becomes equal to that of slit 2, the intensities of the observed dark and bright fringes will increase

     

  • If the intensity of light falling on slit 2 is increased so that it becomes equal to that of slit 1, the intensities of the observed dark and bright fringes will increase

     

Select one or more options

(1, 2)

[IMAGE 1162]

Condition to obtain maxima in Young's double slit experiment is

dsinθ=nλ  where n is an integer.

(1)  When d=λ

       λsinθ=nλsinθ=n

       When n=0, θ=0

       When n=1, θ=90°

       (This will be a point on the screen which will be at infinity and therefore not practical.)

        Other values of n are invalid as -1sinθ1.

        Hence, only one maxima when  d=λ.

(2)   When λ<d<2λ

        λ<nλsinθ<2λ     (d=nλsinθ)

         1<nsinθ<2

           Possible values of n are 0, +1, -1

           Hence, there is at least one more maxima besides the central maxima.

           As we know,

           Imax=(I1+I2)2  and  Imin=(I1-I2)2

           Initially,  I1=4I  and  I2=I

            Imax=9I  and  Imin=I

           When I1=I2=I  then Imax=4I  and  Imin=0

           i.e., when the intensities become equal, Imin reduces to zero.



Q 14 :

Column-I shows four situations of standard Young's double slit arrangement with the screen placed far away from the slits S1 and S2. In each of these cases S1P0=S2P0, S1P1-S2P1=λ4 and S1P2-S2P2=λ3, where λ is the wavelength of the light used. In the cases B, C and D, a transparent sheet of refractive index μ and thickness t is pasted on slit S2. The thicknesses of the sheets are different in different cases. The phase difference between the light waves reaching a point P on the screen from the two slits is denoted by δ(P) and the intensity by I(P). Match each situation given in Column-I with the statement(s) in Column-II valid for that situation.     [2009]

[IMAGE 1163]

  • A - r, s, t;  B - t;  C - p, s;  D - q

     

  • A - p, s;  B - q;  C - t;  D - r, s, t

     

  • A - r, s, t;  B - t;  C - q;  D - p, s

     

  • A - r, s, t;  B - q;  C - t;  D - p, s

     

(2)

For path difference λ/4, phase difference is π2.

For path difference λ/3, phase difference is 2π3.

Here, S1P0-S2P0=0

 δ(P0)=0

The path difference for P1 and P2 will not be zero. The intensities at P0 is maximum.

Intensity continuously decreases from P0 towards P2.

 I(P0)>I(P1)

(B)  At P1, path difference is zero. Hence P1 is the brightest central fringe and δP1=0.

      δP0=λ4,    δP1=0,    δP2=λ12

(C)  Here,  δ(P0)=-λ2;    δ(P1)=-λ4;    δ(P2)=-λ6

       I(P0)=I1+I2+2I1I2cos(-π)

                =I1+I2-2I1I2=I0+I0-2I0=0

         I(P1)=I1+I2+2I1I2cos(-π2)

                    =I1+I2=I0+I0=2I0

          I(P2)=I1+I2+2I1I2cos(-π3)

                    =I1+I2+I1I2=I0+I0+I0=3I0

                      I(P2)>I(P1)>I(P0)

(D)   Here,  δP0=3λ4;    δP1=-λ2;    δP2=-5λ12

         I(P0)=I1+I2+2I1I2cos(-3π2)

                   =I1+I2=I0+I0=2I0

          I(P1)=I1+I2+2I1I2cos(-π)

                    =I1+I2-2I1I2=I0+I0-2I0I0=0

          I(P2)=I1+I2+2I1I2cos(-5π6)

                    =I1+I2-3I1I2=(2-3)I0

Clearly,  I(P1)=0

      I(P0)>I(P1)  and  I(P2)>I(P1)



Q 15 :

In a Young's double slit experiment, each of the two slits A and B, as shown in the figure, are oscillating about their fixed center and with a mean separation of 0.8 mm. The distance between the slits at time t is given by d=(0.8+0.04sinωt) mm, where ω=0.08 rad s-1. The distance of the screen from the slits is 1 m and the wavelength of the light used to illuminate the slits is 6000Å. The interference pattern on the screen changes with time, while the central bright fringe (zeroth fringe) remains fixed at point O.                 [2024]

[IMAGE 1164]

Q.   The 8th bright fringe above the point O oscillates with time between two extreme positions. The separation between these two extreme positions, in micrometer (μm), is ______.



(601.50)

Fringe width for the nth fringe y=n(λDd)

For the 8th fringe, y=8λDd

ymax=8λDdmin  and  ymin=8λDdmax

ymax-ymin=8λD[1dmin-1dmax]

Given, D=1 m,    λ=6000×10-10 m

dmax=0.84 mm

dmin=0.76 mm

 ymax-ymin=8×6000×10-10×1[10.76×10-3-10.84×10-3]

=8×6×10-4[0.080.76×0.84]=6.015×10-4 m=601.5μm



Q 16 :

In a Young's double slit experiment, each of the two slits A and B, as shown in the figure, are oscillating about their fixed center and with a mean separation of 0.8 mm. The distance between the slits at time t is given by d=(0.8+0.04sinωt) mm, where ω=0.08 rad s-1. The distance of the screen from the slits is 1 m and the wavelength of the light used to illuminate the slits is 6000 Å. The interference pattern on the screen changes with time, while the central bright fringe (zeroth fringe) remains fixed at point O.                               [2024]

[IMAGE 1165]

Q.    The maximum speed in μm/s at which the 8th bright fringe will move is _______.



(24)

Speed, v=dydt=-n·λDd2·d(d)dt    [ y=nλDd]

d=0.8+0.04sinωt    (given)

d(d)dt=0.04ω cos ωt

For Vmaxd(d)dtmax

For  d(d)dtmax,

cos ωt=1sin ωt=0

(d(d)dt)max=0.04ω

d=0.8 mm

 Vmax=8×6000×10-10×1×0.04×0.080.8×0.8×10-6×10-3=24μm/s.