Study Chapter Details
UP Board Class 12 Physics – Nuclei
The chapter “Nuclei” in UP Board Class 12 Physics explores the fundamental structure, properties, and behavior of atomic nuclei. Students learn how protons and neutrons (collectively called nucleons) form the nucleus and how nuclear forces hold them together. The chapter explains important concepts like mass number, atomic number, isotopes, isobars, and isotones, helping students clearly differentiate between different types of atoms.
A key highlight is the study of nuclear binding energy, which determines the stability of a nucleus. Students also explore the mass–energy relation (E = mc²) and how mass defect leads to enormous energy release in nuclear reactions. The chapter covers radioactivity, including alpha, beta, and gamma decay, along with laws of radioactive decay and half-life. Concepts of nuclear fission, fusion, and their applications in power generation and astrophysics are also explained. This chapter is essential for building a strong understanding of modern physics and energy systems.
