Study Chapter Details
UP Board Class 12 Physics – Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic Waves” is an essential chapter in UP Board Class 12 Physics that explains how electric and magnetic fields combine to form waves that travel through space without the need for a medium. These waves were theoretically predicted by James Clerk Maxwell and later experimentally confirmed by Heinrich Hertz.
The chapter introduces the concept of displacement current, which completes Ampere’s law and enables the existence of electromagnetic waves. Students learn that electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature, carry energy, and travel in the form of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that are perpendicular to each other.
A major part of the chapter focuses on the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. Each type of wave is discussed along with its properties, frequencies, wavelengths, and practical applications in communication, medicine, industry, and everyday life.
This chapter builds a strong foundation for understanding optics, communication systems, and modern technologies like mobile networks, Wi-Fi, and satellite systems.
