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UP Board Class 12 Chemistry – Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

The chapter Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids in UP Board Class 12 Chemistry introduces important carbonyl-containing organic compounds. Students first learn their classification, IUPAC nomenclature, and methods of preparation, including oxidation of alcohols, ozonolysis of alkenes, hydration of alkynes, and hydrolysis of nitriles.

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
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For aldehydes and ketones, the chapter emphasizes nucleophilic addition reactions, which form the basis of their chemical behavior. Key reactions include Cyanohydrin formation, addition of alcohols, reduction reactions, aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, and Clemmensen and Wolff–Kishner reductions.

In the section on carboxylic acids, students study their acidic nature, physical properties, and reactions such as esterification, decarboxylation, substitution, and formation of acid derivatives (acyl chlorides, amides, anhydrides).

Real-life applications of these compounds in perfumes, polymers, medicines, food preservatives, and industrial chemicals make this chapter both interesting and practical.
With structured mechanisms, equations, and numerical problems, this chapter becomes highly scoring for UP Board exams and extremely useful for NEET and JEE.