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UP Board Class 12 Chemistry – Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

The chapter Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers in UP Board Class 12 Chemistry explores three important classes of organic compounds containing oxygen. Students begin by understanding their classification, nomenclature, and methods of preparation, including hydration of alkenes, fermentation of sugars, haloarenes hydrolysis, and Williamson ether synthesis.

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
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In alcohols, the chapter explains physical properties, acidity, and key reactions such as oxidation, dehydration, and substitution. Students learn the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols based on their reactivity patterns.

Phenols introduce new concepts like electrophilic aromatic substitution, acidic nature, and preparation from diazonium salts and benzene sulphonic acid. Their reactions, including bromination, nitration, and the Reimer–Tiemann reaction, are explained clearly.

The section on ethers covers their structure, properties, and cleavage reactions. Students also learn why ethers act as good solvents and how they differ from alcohols in reactivity.

This chapter builds strong conceptual understanding for board exams and competitive exams like NEET and JEE, while highlighting real-world uses in medicines, perfumes, disinfectants, solvents, and chemical industries.