Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Hormones act as chemical messengers that are released into the blood stream to act on an organ in another part of the body. Endocrine systems, also referred to as hormone systems, are found in all mammals, birds, fish, and many other types of living organisms. They are made up of: (a) glands located throughout the body, (b) hormones that are made by the glands and released into the bloodstream or the fluid surrounding cells, and (c) Receptors in various organs and tissues that recognise and respond to the hormones.

(i) Name the hormone that regulates carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism in the body so as to provide the best balance for growth.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Hormones act as chemical messengers that are released into the blood stream to act on an organ in another part of the body. Endocrine systems, also referred to as hormone systems, are found in all mammals, birds, fish, and many other types of living organisms. They are made up of: (a) glands located throughout the body, (b) hormones that are made by the glands and released into the bloodstream or the fluid surrounding cells, and (c) Receptors in various organs and tissues that recognise and respond to the hormones.

(ii) Name the hormone that can make the heart beat faster, resulting in supply of more oxygen to our muscles.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Hormones act as chemical messengers that are released into the blood stream to act on an organ in another part of the body. Endocrine systems, also referred to as hormone systems, are found in all mammals, birds, fish, and many other types of living organisms. They are made up of: (a) glands located throughout the body, (b) hormones that are made by the glands and released into the bloodstream or the fluid surrounding cells, and (c) Receptors in various organs and tissues that recognise and respond to the hormones.

(iii) Which one of the following statements is not true?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Hormones act as chemical messengers that are released into the blood stream to act on an organ in another part of the body. Endocrine systems, also referred to as hormone systems, are found in all mammals, birds, fish, and many other types of living organisms. They are made up of: (a) glands located throughout the body, (b) hormones that are made by the glands and released into the bloodstream or the fluid surrounding cells, and (c) Receptors in various organs and tissues that recognise and respond to the hormones.

(iv) In humans, the timing and amount of hormone released are regulated by:

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Hormones act as chemical messengers that are released into the blood stream to act on an organ in another part of the body. Endocrine systems, also referred to as hormone systems, are found in all mammals, birds, fish, and many other types of living organisms. They are made up of: (a) glands located throughout the body, (b) hormones that are made by the glands and released into the bloodstream or the fluid surrounding cells, and (c) Receptors in various organs and tissues that recognise and respond to the hormones.

(v) Insulin injections are given to the patients suffering with:

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Plant hormones are a group of organic substances that occur naturally and influence plant physiological processes. Plant hormones are also called phytohormones and work as growth regulators. Main processes affected are growth, differentiation, and development. It is well known that several plant hormones are involved in the regulation of fruit development and ripening across fleshy and dry fruits.

(i) Concentration of which plant hormone stimulates the cells to grow longer on the side of the shoot which is away from light?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Plant hormones are a group of organic substances that occur naturally and influence plant physiological processes. Plant hormones are also called phytohormones and work as growth regulators. Main processes affected are growth, differentiation, and development. It is well known that several plant hormones are involved in the regulation of fruit development and ripening across fleshy and dry fruits.

(ii) Which hormone is likely to be present in greater concentration in the areas of rapid cell division, such as in fruits and seeds?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Plant hormones are a group of organic substances that occur naturally and influence plant physiological processes. Plant hormones are also called phytohormones and work as growth regulators. Main processes affected are growth, differentiation, and development. It is well known that several plant hormones are involved in the regulation of fruit development and ripening across fleshy and dry fruits.

(iii) Function of the plant hormone abscisic acid is to:

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Plant hormones are a group of organic substances that occur naturally and influence plant physiological processes. Plant hormones are also called phytohormones and work as growth regulators. Main processes affected are growth, differentiation, and development. It is well known that several plant hormones are involved in the regulation of fruit development and ripening across fleshy and dry fruits.

(iv) Which one of the following statements is true?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Plant hormones are a group of organic substances that occur naturally and influence plant physiological processes. Plant hormones are also called phytohormones and work as growth regulators. Main processes affected are growth, differentiation, and development. It is well known that several plant hormones are involved in the regulation of fruit development and ripening across fleshy and dry fruits.

(v) Growth-related movements of plants are ____ the movements done in response to day and night.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Human brain, the most complex organ in the human body, and is the controller of behaviour, seat of intelligence, interpreter of the senses, and initiator of body movements. Brain is still seen as an incomprehensible part of our body, and researchers are doing enough efforts to discover its secrets. Different parts of the brain have different and specific functions. Researchers have now gained enough insights into the healthy functioning of brain and reasons of malfunctioning in case of diseases related to the brain.

(i) Our hind brain has these three parts:

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Human brain, the most complex organ in the human body, and is the controller of behaviour, seat of intelligence, interpreter of the senses, and initiator of body movements. Brain is still seen as an incomprehensible part of our body, and researchers are doing enough efforts to discover its secrets. Different parts of the brain have different and specific functions. Researchers have now gained enough insights into the healthy functioning of brain and reasons of malfunctioning in case of diseases related to the brain.

(ii) Involuntary muscular actions are controlled by:

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Human brain, the most complex organ in the human body, and is the controller of behaviour, seat of intelligence, interpreter of the senses, and initiator of body movements. Brain is still seen as an incomprehensible part of our body, and researchers are doing enough efforts to discover its secrets. Different parts of the brain have different and specific functions. Researchers have now gained enough insights into the healthy functioning of brain and reasons of malfunctioning in case of diseases related to the brain.

(iii) ______ responsible for precision of voluntary actions and maintaining the posture and balance of the body.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Human brain, the most complex organ in the human body, and is the controller of behaviour, seat of intelligence, interpreter of the senses, and initiator of body movements. Brain is still seen as an incomprehensible part of our body, and researchers are doing enough efforts to discover its secrets. Different parts of the brain have different and specific functions. Researchers have now gained enough insights into the healthy functioning of brain and reasons of malfunctioning in case of diseases related to the brain.

(iv) Blinking of eyes is a type of:

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Human brain, the most complex organ in the human body, and is the controller of behaviour, seat of intelligence, interpreter of the senses, and initiator of body movements. Brain is still seen as an incomprehensible part of our body, and researchers are doing enough efforts to discover its secrets. Different parts of the brain have different and specific functions. Researchers have now gained enough insights into the healthy functioning of brain and reasons of malfunctioning in case of diseases related to the brain.

(v) Peripheral nervous system consists of ____ arising from the brain and ____ arising from the spinal cord.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

These highly specialized nerve cells which are responsible for communicating information in both chemical and electrical forms. These are of different types. It is the basic building block of the nervous system. They are similar to other cells in the human body in a number of ways, but there is one key difference between them and other cells. They are specialized to transmit information throughout the body.

(i) The figure depicts structure of a:

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

These highly specialized nerve cells which are responsible for communicating information in both chemical and electrical forms. These are of different types. It is the basic building block of the nervous system. They are similar to other cells in the human body in a number of ways, but there is one key difference between them and other cells. They are specialized to transmit information throughout the body.

(ii) The annotations 1 and 2 in the figure depict:

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

These highly specialized nerve cells which are responsible for communicating information in both chemical and electrical forms. These are of different types. It is the basic building block of the nervous system. They are similar to other cells in the human body in a number of ways, but there is one key difference between them and other cells. They are specialized to transmit information throughout the body.

(iii) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs at:

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

These highly specialized nerve cells which are responsible for communicating information in both chemical and electrical forms. These are of different types. It is the basic building block of the nervous system. They are similar to other cells in the human body in a number of ways, but there is one key difference between them and other cells. They are specialized to transmit information throughout the body.

(iv) The gap between two neurons is known as:

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

These highly specialized nerve cells which are responsible for communicating information in both chemical and electrical forms. These are of different types. It is the basic building block of the nervous system. They are similar to other cells in the human body in a number of ways, but there is one key difference between them and other cells. They are specialized to transmit information throughout the body.

(v) Information is acquired by the ____ of a neuron.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

A system of control and coordination is essential in living organism to maintain homeostasis as well as to respond to various stimuli. The working together of various organs in an organism, to produce a proper response to a stimulus is called coordination. In animals, control and coordination is done by the nervous system and endocrine system. Hormones in animals conduct a variety of functions like growth, sexual development, vegetative development, cellular respiration, metabolism, thermal production etc. While the nervous system coordinates activities of animals like movement, hormones integrate the coordination. Larger complex animals like vertebrates have endocrine glands to produce hormones.

(i) Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding Thyroid gland?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

A system of control and coordination is essential in living organism to maintain homeostasis as well as to respond to various stimuli. The working together of various organs in an organism, to produce a proper response to a stimulus is called coordination. In animals, control and coordination is done by the nervous system and endocrine system. Hormones in animals conduct a variety of functions like growth, sexual development, vegetative development, cellular respiration, metabolism, thermal production etc. While the nervous system coordinates activities of animals like movement, hormones integrate the coordination. Larger complex animals like vertebrates have endocrine glands to produce hormones.

(ii) Which endocrine gland controls development of female sex organs, regulates menstrual cycle, etc?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

A system of control and coordination is essential in living organism to maintain homeostasis as well as to respond to various stimuli. The working together of various organs in an organism, to produce a proper response to a stimulus is called coordination. In animals, control and coordination is done by the nervous system and endocrine system. Hormones in animals conduct a variety of functions like growth, sexual development, vegetative development, cellular respiration, metabolism, thermal production etc. While the nervous system coordinates activities of animals like movement, hormones integrate the coordination. Larger complex animals like vertebrates have endocrine glands to produce hormones.

(iii) Deficiency of which hormone leads to dwarfism?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

A system of control and coordination is essential in living organism to maintain homeostasis as well as to respond to various stimuli. The working together of various organs in an organism, to produce a proper response to a stimulus is called coordination. In animals, control and coordination is done by the nervous system and endocrine system. Hormones in animals conduct a variety of functions like growth, sexual development, vegetative development, cellular respiration, metabolism, thermal production etc. While the nervous system coordinates activities of animals like movement, hormones integrate the coordination. Larger complex animals like vertebrates have endocrine glands to produce hormones.

(iv) __________ is a hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

A system of control and coordination is essential in living organism to maintain homeostasis as well as to respond to various stimuli. The working together of various organs in an organism, to produce a proper response to a stimulus is called coordination. In animals, control and coordination is done by the nervous system and endocrine system. Hormones in animals conduct a variety of functions like growth, sexual development, vegetative development, cellular respiration, metabolism, thermal production etc. While the nervous system coordinates activities of animals like movement, hormones integrate the coordination. Larger complex animals like vertebrates have endocrine glands to produce hormones.

(v) Growth hormone is secreted by:

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Our nervous system is responsible for coordinating human body behaviour and transmitting signals between different body parts. In vertebrates it consists of two main parts known as the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. The PNS consists of nerves that are long fibers connecting the CNS to every other part of the body.

(i) Which one of the following statements about the nervous system is not correct?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Our nervous system is responsible for coordinating human body behaviour and transmitting signals between different body parts. In vertebrates it consists of two main parts known as the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. The PNS consists of nerves that are long fibers connecting the CNS to every other part of the body.

(ii) Those actions when we do something without thinking about it, or without feeling in control of our reactions are known as:

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Our nervous system is responsible for coordinating human body behaviour and transmitting signals between different body parts. In vertebrates it consists of two main parts known as the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. The PNS consists of nerves that are long fibers connecting the CNS to every other part of the body.

(iii) Which one is the correct sequence of event when bright light falls on our eyes?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Our nervous system is responsible for coordinating human body behaviour and transmitting signals between different body parts. In vertebrates it consists of two main parts known as the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. The PNS consists of nerves that are long fibers connecting the CNS to every other part of the body.

(iv) The largest part of the brain comprising two hemispheres is known as:

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Our nervous system is responsible for coordinating human body behaviour and transmitting signals between different body parts. In vertebrates it consists of two main parts known as the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. The PNS consists of nerves that are long fibers connecting the CNS to every other part of the body.

(v) Muscle cells have special ______ that change both their shape and their arrangement in the cell in response to nervous electrical impulses.