(3)

The neuroendocrine system, which consists of the nervous and endocrine systems, keeps the body coordinated. The nerve impulse generated by the neurological system activates the endocrine glands.

(4)

A cell body (also known as a soma), dendrites, and an axon are all parts of a neuron. Nerve fibres have axons and dendrites. Nissl granules, as well as other cell organelles, are found in the cytoplasm of the cell body of neurons. Myelin sheath is not a part of the neuron.

(1)

Cranium is related to head. Cranial bones (bones that surround and protect the brain) and facial bones make up the cranium (bones that form the eye sockets, nose, cheeks, jaw, and other parts of the face).

(3)

The brain is protected by cranial meninges, which are made up of three layers: an outside layer called duramater, a very thin middle layer called arachnoid, and an inner layer called piamater (which is in contact with the brain tissue).

(1)

The hypothalamus is a small region at the base of the brain within the diencephalon, lying just above the brain stem and below the thalamus. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in many important functions, including releasing hormones, regulating body temperature, maintaining daily physiological cycles, controlling appetite, and managing sexual behaviour and emotions.

(2)

Reflex action is an automatic (involuntary) neuromuscular activity triggered by specific stimuli. Knee jerk, coughing and eyelid closing are reflex actions. Boxing is not a reflex action.

(3)

When a receptor is triggered, it sends a signal to the brain, which coordinates the response. However, sometimes a speedy response is required that does not need the use of the brain. This is referred to as a reflex action. In a simple reflex action: Sensory neuron -> Relay Neuron -> Motor neuron.

(3)

The reflex movements are controlled by the spinal cord and the brain stem in a reflex action. The glands and muscles that respond to stimuli are known as effector organs.

(3)

When the stimulus is gained, a nerve impulse is produced. The electrical and chemical changes in the cell are triggered by this stimulation.

(4)

The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) controls visceral activity in the body, such as blood pressure, urinary bladder action, and body temperature regulation, etc. The autonomic nervous system causes involuntary responses such as breathing. Writing, talking and walking are voluntary actions that we do when we are aware of what we are doing.