The remainder, when 7103 is divided by 23, is equal to: [2025]
(2)
We have, 7103=7(7102)=7(343)34=7(345–2)34
=7(–2)34=7(2)34=7·22·232=28·(256)4=28(253+3)4
=28(3)4=28×81=(23+5)(69+12)=(5)(12)=60
∴ Remainder = 14.