Q.

The reason for greater range of oxidation states in actinoids is attributed to               [2017]

1 actinoid contraction  
2 5f,6d and 7s levels having comparable energies  
3 4f and 5d levels being close in energies  
4 the radioactive nature of actinoids.  

Ans.

(2)

Actinoids have a greater range of oxidation states due to comparable energies of 5f,6d and 7s orbitals. Hence, all their electrons can take part in bond formation.