Q.

Which of the following statements holds true for the energy flow in an ecosystem

1 Energy can never be transferred bi-directionally between producers to consumers.  
2 Energy flows in a unidirectional manner in an ecosystem.  
3 Only 10% of the energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next trophic level.  
4 All of the above  

Ans.

(4)

The flow of energy is always unidirectional. It flows from the sun to the producers and ultimately to the consumers. According to the 10% law, only 10% of the energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next.