Column-II gives certain systems undergoing a process. Column-I suggests changes in some of the parameters related to the system. Match the statements in Column-I to the appropriate process(es) from Column-II. [2009]

Question

Column-II gives certain systems undergoing a process. Column-I suggests changes in some of the parameters related to the system. Match the statements in Column-I to the appropriate process(es) from Column-II. [2009]

	Column-I		Column-II
(A)	The energy of the system is increased	(p)	System: A capacitor, initially uncharged Process: It is connected to a battery
(B)	Mechanical energy is provided to the system, which is converted into energy of random motion of its parts	(q)	System: A gas in an adiabatic container fitted with an adiabatic piston Process: The gas is compressed by pushing the piston
(C)	Internal energy of the system is converted into its mechanical energy	(r)	System: A gas in a rigid container Process: The gas gets cooled due to colder atmosphere surrounding it
(D)	Mass of the system is decreased	(s)	System: A heavy nucleus, initially at rest Process: The nucleus fissions into two fragments of nearly equal masses and some neutrons are emitted
		(t)	System: A resistive wire loop Process: The loop is placed in a time varying magnetic field perpendicular to its plane

Smart Achievers · Accepted Answer

(1)

A → p, q, t; B → q; C → s; D → s

(p) When an uncharged capacitor is connected to a battery, it becomes charged and energy is stored $E = \frac{1}{2} Q V$ in the capacitor.

(q) When a gas in an adiabatic container fitted with an adiabatic piston is compressed by pushing the piston:

(i) The internal energy of the system increases

$Δ U = Q - W = 0 - (- P d V) = + P d V$

(ii) Mechanical energy is transferred to the piston, which is converted into the kinetic energy of the gas molecules.

(r) When the gas in a rigid container gets cooled, the internal energy of the system decreases. Due to this, it is converted into mechanical energy.

(s) When a heavy nucleus initially at rest splits into two nuclei of nearly equal masses and some neutrons are emitted, as in case of nuclear fission, internal energy of the system is converted into mechanical energy and some matter is converted into energy.

(t) When a resistive wire loop is placed in a time-varying magnetic field perpendicular to its plane, the energy of the system increases due to the induced current.

Solution

1 A → p, q, t; B → q; C → s; D → s

2 A → s; B → q; C → s; D → p, q, t

3 A → s; B → s; C → q; D → p, q, t

4 A → s; B → p, q, t; C → q; D → s

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