NCERT Science Class 10 Chapter 6 Control and Coordination Notes

Control and Coordination is an important chapter in Class 10 Science that explains how living organisms respond to changes in their surroundings. Various body systems work together to control activities and maintain coordination. In animals, this function is performed by the nervous system and endocrine system, while plants show coordination through chemical signals and growth movements.

Control and Coordination in Animals

Animals respond to stimuli such as light, sound, touch, heat, and chemicals through a well-developed nervous system. The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It receives information from sense organs, processes it, and sends appropriate responses to different parts of the body.

Human Nervous System

The human nervous system is divided into:

Central Nervous System (Brain and Spinal Cord)
Peripheral Nervous System (Nerves)

The brain controls thinking, memory, emotions, and body movements, while the spinal cord helps transmit messages and controls reflex actions.

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Control and Coordination in Plants

Plants do not have a nervous system, but they respond to stimuli through growth movements controlled by plant hormones. These responses are known as tropic movements.

Types of Tropic Movements

Phototropism – Response to light
Geotropism – Response to gravity
Hydrotropism – Response to water
Thigmotropism – Response to touch

Plant hormones such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, and abscisic acid help regulate plant growth and development.

Importance of Control and Coordination

Control and coordination help organisms respond to environmental changes, maintain balance, regulate body activities, and ensure proper growth and survival.

CBSE Exam Preparation Tips

Students should understand the structure and functions of the nervous system, reflex actions, endocrine glands, hormones, and tropic movements in plants. Practice labelled diagrams of the human brain, neuron, and reflex arc. Regular revision of NCERT questions and key concepts will help improve exam performance.

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