NCERT Science Class 10 Chapter 2 Acids Bases and Salts Notes PDF 2026-27

Chapter 2, Acids, Bases and Salts, is one of the most important chapters in NCERT Science Class 10. This chapter introduces students to the chemical nature of acids and bases, their reactions, indicators, pH scale, and the formation and uses of salts. Many substances used in our daily lives, such as lemon juice, soap, baking soda, and toothpaste, are examples of acids, bases, or salts.

Understanding this chapter helps students connect chemistry with everyday life and prepares them for CBSE Board Examinations and future studies in science.

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What Are Acids and Bases?

Acids

Acids are substances that produce hydrogen ions (H?) when dissolved in water.

Common Examples of Acids

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
Sulphuric Acid (H?SO?)
Nitric Acid (HNO?)
Citric Acid (Lemon)
Acetic Acid (Vinegar)

Properties of Acids

Sour in taste
Turn blue litmus red
Conduct electricity in aqueous solutions
React with metals to produce hydrogen gas
Have pH less than 7

Bases

Bases are substances that produce hydroxide ions (OH?) in aqueous solutions.

Common Examples of Bases

Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
Potassium Hydroxide (KOH)
Calcium Hydroxide [Ca(OH)?]
Magnesium Hydroxide [Mg(OH)?]

Properties of Bases

Bitter in taste
Feel soapy to touch
Turn red litmus blue
Conduct electricity in solution
Have pH greater than 7

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