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Solution


Q.

The correct statement/s about Hydrogen bonding is/are:

A. Hydrogen bonding exists when H is covalently bonded to the highly electro negative atom.

B. Intermolecular H bonding is present in o-nitrophenol

C. Intramolecular H bonding is present in HF.

D. The magnitude of H bonding depends on the physical state of the compound.

E. H-bonding has powerful effect on the structure and properties of compounds.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:                                         [2024]
1 A, B, C only  
2 A only  
3 A, B, D only  
4 A, D, E only  

Ans.

(4)

A.     Hydrogen bonding is a dipole-dipole attraction (shown by dashed line between Y and H) in which one pole is H atom covalently bonded with small sized highly electronegative atom (X)

Xδ--Hδ+---Yδ-

(X = F,O,N, CCl3, CF3 or sp carbon)

(Y = F, O or N)

B.      In o-nitrophenol, there is intramolecular hydrogen bonding.

C.      In HF, there is intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

D.      Magnitude of hydrogen bonding depends on physical state of the compound. It is maximum in the solid state and minimum in the gaseous state.

E.      Hydrogen bonding has powerful effect on the structure and properties of compounds. For example due to hydrogen bonding, ice has open cage like structure, hence density of ice is less than that of water and it floats on water.