Consider the nitration of benzene using mixed conc. and . If a large amount of is added to the mixture, the rate of nitration will be [2016]

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Solution

Q.
Consider the nitration of benzene using mixed conc. $H_{2} {SO}_{4}$ and ${HNO}_{3}$ . If a large amount of ${KHSO}_{4}$ is added to the mixture, the rate of nitration will be [2016]

1 unchanged

2 doubled

3 faster

4 slower

Ans.
(4)

Mechanism of nitration is:

${HNO}_{3} + 2 H_{2} {SO}_{4} \to {NO}_{2}^{+} + 2 {HSO}_{4}^{-} + H_{3} O^{+}$

If a large amount of ${KHSO}_{4}$ is added, then conc. of ${HSO}_{4}^{-}$ ions increases and the reaction will be shifted in backward direction. Hence, the rate of nitration will be slower.

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