Q.

Assertion (A) : It is given that in a group of 3 students, the probability of 2 students not having the same birthday is 0.992. The probability that the 2 students have the same birthday is 0.008.

Reason (R) : P(E)+P(E)=1, 

1 Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).  
2 Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).  
3 Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.  
4 Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.  

Ans.

(1)

It is given that in a group of 3 students, the probability of 2 student not having the same birthday is 0.992.

Let the event of 2 students not having the same birthday be E. Then, P(E) = 0.992 

We know that P(E)+P(E)=1P(E)=1-P(E)P(E))=1-0.992P(E))=0.008

So, the probability that the 2 students have the same birthday is 0.008.

Therefore, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of (A).