Q.

A hemispherical vessel is completely filled with a liquid of refractive index μ. A small coin is kept at the lowest point (O) of the vessel as shown in figure. The minimum value of the refractive index of the liquid so that a person can see the coin from point E (at the level of the vessel) is ________.          [2025]

1 3  
2 32  
3 2  
4 32  

Ans.

(3)

For the rays from coin to reach the point E, the refracted rays must graze the surface, i.e., they must be incident at critical angle θc inside the liquid.

μ=1sin θc

μ is minimum when θc is maximum.

Maximum value of θc=45°

 μ has a minimum value of 2.