The chapter Heredity in Class 10 Science explains how traits are passed from one generation to the next. It highlights the experiments of Gregor Mendel, who established the laws of inheritance using pea plants. Key concepts such as dominant and recessive traits, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, and the role of chromosomes and DNA in heredity are explained in detail.
The chapter also discusses how variations occur due to genetic recombination and mutation, making evolution possible. Students learn about sex determination in humans, which is controlled by sex chromosomes (XX for females and XY for males). By studying heredity, learners understand how physical and genetic traits such as eye color, height, or blood group are inherited. This chapter is essential for understanding the principles of genetics, variations among organisms, and the foundation of evolutionary biology. It also strengthens preparation for Class 10 board exams and competitive exams.
