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UP Board Class 12 Chemistry – The d- and f-Block Elements

The chapter The d- and f-Block Elements in UP Board Class 12 Chemistry focuses on the transition and inner transition elements, which play a key role in industrial chemistry, metallurgy, and catalyst formation. Students learn about the position, electronic configuration, and unique properties of d-block (transition metals) and f-block (lanthanides and actinides) elements.

The d- and f Block Elements
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Important characteristics such as variable oxidation states, complex formation, colored ions, magnetic properties, alloy formation, and catalytic behavior are explained in detail. The chapter also highlights the significance of lanthanoid contraction, its effects, and the chemistry of actinoids, including their oxidation states, radioactivity, and applications.

Students explore the industrial uses of transition metals like Fe, Cu, Cr, Mn, and understand how their compounds are involved in biological systems, pigments, and advanced materials.

This chapter is both conceptual and application-based, making it essential for UP Board exams, JEE, NEET, and higher studies in chemistry. Numerical problems, trends, and tables help students build strong analytical and memorization skills.