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UP Board Class 12 Biology in Hindi Medium – Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

The chapter “Biotechnology: Principles and Processes” is a significant part of UP Board Class 12 Biology syllabus for Hindi medium students. It explains the fundamental concepts and techniques used in modern biotechnology, which has applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry.

Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
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Students learn about biotechnology principles, including the use of microorganisms, enzymes, and cells to produce useful products. The chapter covers genetic engineering techniques, such as recombinant DNA technology, gene cloning, and gene transfer. Important processes like fermentation, tissue culture, and bioprocessing are explained in detail.

The chapter also highlights applications of biotechnology in producing antibiotics, vaccines, hormones, and genetically modified crops. Concepts of bioethics, biosafety, and modern biotechnological tools are included to help students understand the responsible use of biotechnology.

This chapter builds a strong foundation for board exams and competitive exams like NEET, as it combines theory, applications, and practical understanding of biotechnology processes.