Q 1 :

Identify the factor from the following that does not affect electrolytic conductance of a solution.                 [2024]

  • The nature of solvent used.

     

  • Concentration of the electrolyte.

     

  • The nature of the electrode used.

     

  • The nature of the electrolyte added.

     

(3)

1.     HCl in water is almost 100 percent ionized whereas HCl in CCl4 is almost unionised. The two solutions have different conductance. Hence conductance depends upon nature of solvent.

2.      For strong as well as weak electrolyte, conductance increases with dilution.

3.      Conductance does not depend upon nature of electrode used.

4.      For same concentration, strong electrolyte has more conductance than weak electrolyte.

 



Q 2 :

For a strong electrolyte, a plot of molar conductivity against (concentration)1/2 is a straight line, with a negative slope, the correct unit for the slope is       [2024]

  • S cm2 mol-1 L1/2

     

  • S cm2 mol-3/2 L

     

  • S cm2 mol-3/2 L-1/2

     

  • S cm2 mol-3/2 L1/2 

     

(4)

               For strong electrolytes, variation of molar conductivity (Λm) with concentration (C) is given by:

               Λm=Λm0-AC, where Λm0 is limiting molar conductivity i.e., molar conductivity at infinite dilution.

               From this equation, slope is -A.

               Substituting units of all terms:

              Scm2mol-1=Scm2mol-1-(units of A)mol L-1

              units of A=Scm2mol-1mol L-1=Scm2mol-3/2L1/2

 



Q 3 :

Molar ionic conductivities of divalent cation and anion are 57 S cm2 mol-1 and 73 S cm2 mol-1 respectively. The molar conductivity of solution of an electrolyte with the above cation and anion will be:                        [2024]

  • 65 S cm2mol-1

     

  • 187 S cm2mol-1

     

  • 130 S cm2mol-1

     

  • 260 S cm2mol-1

     

(3)

                Salt of divalent cation (A2+) and divalent anion (B-) is AB.

                It dissociates in water as:

                ABA2++B2-

               By Kohlrausch's law:

               ΛM(AB)=λm(A2+)+λm(B2-)

              ΛM(AB)=(57+73)S cm2mol-1=130S cm2mol-1



Q 4 :

Which out of the following is a correct equation to show change in molar conductivity with respect to concentration for a weak electrolyte, if the symbols carry their usual meaning:                   [2024]

  • Λm-Λm0+AC1/2=0

     

  • Λm-Λm°-AC1/2=0

     

  • Λm 2C+Ka Λm°2-Ka ΛmΛm°=0

     

  • Λm2 C-Ka Λm°2+Ka ΛmΛm°=0

     

(4)

                Consider solution of a weak electrolyte AB with concentration C mol/L, undergoing dissociation in water with degree of dissociation α.

                 AB(aq)A+(aq)+B-(aq)

                 t=0    C

                t=    C(1-α)     Cα       Cα

               Ka=[A+][B-][AB]=Cα×CαC(1-α)=Cα21-α-I

               α is related to Λm and Λm° as α=ΛmΛm°-II

               Put α from II in I

               Ka=C(ΛmΛm°)21-(ΛmΛm°)

             C(ΛmΛm°)2=Ka-Ka(ΛmΛm°)

            C(ΛmΛm°)2+Ka(ΛmΛm°)-Ka=0

           Λm2C+KaΛmΛm°-Ka(Λm°)2=0



Q 5 :

The values of conductivity of some materials at 298.15 K in S m-1 are 2.1×103, 1.0×10-16, 1.2×10, 3.91, 1.5×10-2, 1×10-7, 1.0×103.The number of conductors among the materials is ___________ .               [2024]



(4)

   Conductivity at 298.15 K (in Sm-1)    Material    Classification
   2.1×103    sodium    conductor
   1.0×10-16    glass    insulator
   1.2×10    graphite    conductor
   3.91    0.1M HCl    conductor
   1.5×10-2    Si    semiconductor
   1×10-7    CuO    semiconductor
   1×103    iron    conductor

 



Q 6 :

A conductivity cell with two electrodes (dark side) are half filled with infinitely dilute aqueous solution of a weak electrolyte. If volume is doubled by adding more water at constant temperature, the molar conductivity of the cell will                      [2024]

  • depend upon type of electrolyte

     

  • increase sharply

     

  • remain same or cannot be measured accurately

     

  • decrease sharply

     

(3)

Upon dilution, molar conductivity increases because upon dilution, more of the electrolyte is dissociated and more charge carriers are created. Once all of the weak electrolyte is dissociated (at infinite dilution), then molar conductivity (Λmo) does not increase further and becomes constant at a given temperature. (Λmo) cannot be measured accurately for a weak electrolyte; it is calculated by Kohlrausch law.

 



Q 7 :

The molar conductivity for electrolytes A and B are plotted against C1/2 as shown below. Electrolytes A and B respectively are:                             [2024]

  • A: Strong electrolyte, B: Strong electrolyte

     

  • A: Strong electrolyte, B: Weak electrolyte

     

  • A: Weak electrolyte, B: Strong electrolyte

     

  • A: Weak electrolyte, B: Weak electrolyte

     

(3)

 



Q 8 :

Correct order of limiting molar conductivity for cations in water at 298 K is :                [2025]
 

  • H+>Na+>K+>Ca2+>Mg2+

     

  • H+>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+>Na+

     

  • Mg2+>H+>Ca2+>K+>Na+

     

  • H+>Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+

     

(2)

Among cations H+ has highest molar conductivity in water.  

This is because H+ is conducted by transfer between water molecules.  

For other ions, Λmcharge. Thus  

Λm(Ca2+),Λm(Mg2+)>Λm(K+),Λm(Na+)

For ions carrying same charge, smaller ions are more hydrated, hence their limiting molar conductivity is lesser as  Λmsize.

Thus  Λm(Ca2+)>Λm(Mg2+)  and Λm(K+)>Λm(Na+)

Thus correct order of limiting molar conductivity is:  

H+>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+>Na+



Q 9 :

The molar conductivity of a weak electrolyte when plotted against the square root of its concentration, which of the following expected to be observed?       [2025]

  • Molar conductivity decreases sharply with increase in concentration.

     

  • A small increase in molar conductivity is observed at infinite dilution.

     

  • A small decrease in molar conductivity is observed at infinite dilution.

     

  • Molar conductivity increases sharply with increase in concentration.

     

(1)

With dilution, degree of dissociation of weak electrolyte increases hence number of charge carriers rise sharply and molar conductivity increases sharply.

 



Q 10 :

Given below are two statements :                                      [2025]

Statement I : Mohr’s salt is composed of only three types of ions – ferrous, ammonium and sulphate.

Statement II : If the molar conductance at infinite dilution of ferrous, ammonium and sulphate ions are x1,x2 and x3cm2 mol1, respectively, then the molar conductance for Mohr’s salt solution at infinite dilution would be given by x1+x2+2x3

In the light of the given statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

  • Both statements I and Statement II are false.

     

  • Statement I is false but Statement II is true.

     

  • Statement I is true but Statement II are false.

     

  • Both statements I and Statement II are true.

     

(3)

Statement I

Mohr's salt: FeSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O

Statement II:

By Kohlrausch law

Λm(Mohr's salt)=λm(Fe2+)+2λm(NH4+)+2λm(SO42-)

                               =x1+2x2+2x3



Q 11 :

Given below is the plot of the molar conductivity vs concentration for KCl in aqueous solution.

If, for the higher concentration of KCl solution, the resistance of the conductivity cell is 100 Ω, then the resistance of the same cell with the dilute solution is xΩ.

The value of x is ______ (Nearest integer)                       [2025]



(150)

Λm=1000×κCκ=Λm×C1000

Thus κ1κ2=Λm1×C1Λm2×C2=150×(0.1)2100×(0.15)2=23                   ...(i)

Also   

R=ρLa=1κ×La κ1κ2=R2R1=100x                           ...(ii)

Equating (i) and (ii) gives x=150



Q 12 :

0.2% (w/v) solution of NaOH is measured to have resistivity 870.0 mΩ m. The molar conductivity of the solution will be ______ ×102 mS dm2 mol-1. (Nearest integer)   [2025]



(23)

Molarity of NaOH (C)=(%w/v)×10MNaOH

=0.2×1040=0.05M

ρ=870 m=870×10-3Ω×100 cm=87 Ω cm

κ=1ρ=187S cm-1

Λm=1000κCS cm2mol-1

=100087×0.05S cm2mol-1=229.885S cm2mol-1

=229.885×1000mS (10-1dm)2mol-1

=22.99×102mS dm2mol-1



Q 13 :

The molar conductance of an infinitely dilute solution of ammonium chloride was found to be 185 S cm2 mol-1 and the ionic conductance of hydroxyl and chloride ions are 170 and 70 S cm2 mol-1, respectively. If molar conductance of 0.02 M solution of ammonium hydroxide is 85.5 S cm2 mol-1, its degree of dissociation is given by x×10-1.

The value of x is _____. (Nearest integer)                             [2025]



(3)

By Kohlrausch law:

ΛNH4OH=λNH4++λOH-

                =(λNH4++λCl-)+λOH--λCl-

               =ΛNH4Cl+λOH--λCl-

               =(185+170-70)S cm2mol-1

               =285 S cm2mol-1

 α=ΛNH4OHΛNH4OH=85.5285=0.3=3×10-1



Q 14 :

Choose the correct representation of conductometric titration of benzoic acid vs sodium hydroxide.              [2023]

  •  

  •  

  •  

  •  

(3)

C6H5COOH+NaOHC6H5COONa+H2O

  • The conductance first drops rapidly due to loss of more conducting H+ already in the solution.
  • However soon, due to common ion effect of C6H5COO- the free H+ concentration in solution is almost negligible, and then the added NaOH only increases the number of ions by forming more of C6H5COONa.

  • At the end point, the conductance rises much more rapidly due to addition of OH- which has higher conductivity.



Q 15 :

Following figure shows dependence of molar conductance of two electrolytes on concentration. Λm° is the limiting molar conductivity.

The number of incorrect statement(s) from the following is __________ .            [2023]

(A) Λm° for electrolyte A is obtained by extrapolation.

(B) For electrolyte B, Λm vs c graph is a straight line with intercept equal to Λm°.

(C) At infinite dilution, the value of degree of dissociation approaches zero for electrolyte B.

(D) Λm° for any electrolyte A or B can be calculated using λ° for individual ions.



(2)

Both (A) and (C) are incorrect.



Q 16 :

The resistivity of a 0.8 M solution of an electrolyte is 5×10-3Ωcm. Its molar conductivity is ________ ×104Ω-1cm2mol-1. (Nearest Integer)        [2023]



(25)

Resistivity (ρ)=5×10-3Ω cm 

Molarity (M)=0.8 M 

Molar conductivity (λM)=1ρ×1000M 

=15×10-3×10000.8 

=0.25×106

=25×104cm2mol-1



Q 17 :

1×10-5 M AgNO3 is added to 1 L of saturated solution of AgBr. The conductivity of this solution at 298 K is _________ ×10-8 S m-1.

[Given: Ksp(AgBr)=4.9×10-13 at 298 K

λAg+=6×10-3 S m2mol-1

λBr-=8×10-3 S m2mol-1

λNO3-=7×10-3 S m2mol-1]                            [2023]



(13040)

10-5 M AgNO3 is added to saturate AgBr.

            Ksp=(s+10-5)(s)

                   =s(10-5)=4.9×10-13

                s=4.9×10-8

Solution has

       [Ag+]=10-5, [NO3-]=10-5

        [Br-]=5×10-8

              λ=K×1000C

          KTotal=λ1C11000+λ2C21000+λ3C31000

6×10-3×104×10-51000+7×10-3×104×10-51000+8×10-3×104×5×10-81000

6×10-7+7×10-7+40×10-10

=13.04×10-7 S cm-1=13.04×10-5 S m-1

=13040×10-8 S m-1

=13040



Q 18 :

The specific conductance of 0.0025 M acetic acid is 5×10-5 S cm-1 at a certain temperature. The dissociation constant of acetic acid is ______ ×10-7. Consider limiting molar conductivity of CH3COOH as 400 S cm2 mol-1.                 [2023]



(66)

Λm=1000×KC=1000×5×10-50.0025=20 S cm2mol-1

α=20400=120

Ka=Cα21-α2=0.0025×120×1201-120=0.002519×20=66×10-7



Q 19 :

The number of correct statements from the following is ________.

(A) Conductivity always decreases with decrease in concentration for both strong and weak electrolytes.

(B) The number of ions per unit volume that carry current in a solution increases on dilution.

(C) Molar conductivity increases with decrease in concentration.

(D) The variation in molar conductivity is different for strong and weak electrolytes.

(E) For weak electrolytes, the change in molar conductivity with dilution is due to decrease in degree of dissociation.    [2023]



(3)

(A) Conductivity always decreases with decrease in concentration for both strong and weak electrolytes.

(B) The number of ions per unit volume that carry current in a solution decreases on dilution.

(C) Molar conductivity increases with decrease in concentration.

(D) The variation in molar conductivity is different for strong and weak electrolytes.

(E) For weak electrolytes, the change in the molar conductivity with dilution is due to increase in degree of dissociation.

The correct statements are (A), (C) and (D).



Q 20 :

Molar conductivity of a weak acid HQ of concentration 0.18 M was found to be 130 of the molar conductivity of another weak acid HZ with concentration 0.02 M. If λQ- happened to be equal to λZ-, then the difference of the pKa values of the two weak acids (pKa(HQ)-pKa(HZ)) is _______ (Nearest integer).

[Given: degree of dissociation (α)1 for both weak acids, λ°: limiting molar conductivity of ions]                [2026]



(2)

Ka(HQ)=C1α12                   α1=λm(HQ)λm(HQ)     

Ka(HZ)=C2α22                    α2=λm(HZ)λm(HZ)

Ka(HQ)Ka(HZ)=C1C2.(α1α2)2=0.180.02[λm(HQ)λm(HZ)]2

Ka(HQ)Ka(HZ)=9×(130)2=1100

pKa(HQ)-pKa(HZ)=2