Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Metals exhibit their chemical properties as per their electron releasing tendency of atoms. The greater the tendency, the more is the reactivity. Metals react with oxygen, water, hydrogen, acids, etc. They act as reducing agents because they can lose electrons. Some reactions metals undergo are given in this Table:

1. Metal + Oxygen → Metal oxide
2. Metal + Water → Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
3. Metal + Acid (dil.) → Metal Salt + Hydrogen
4. Metal A + Salt Solution of Metal B → Salt solution of A + B (Displacement)

(i) Some metals react vigorously with oxygen so for safety they are kept in kerosene to prevent accidental fires. Which metals are these?

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Metals exhibit their chemical properties as per their electron releasing tendency of atoms. The greater the tendency, the more is the reactivity. Metals react with oxygen, water, hydrogen, acids, etc. They act as reducing agents because they can lose electrons. Some reactions metals undergo are given in this Table:

1. Metal + Oxygen → Metal oxide
2. Metal + Water → Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
3. Metal + Acid (dil.) → Metal Salt + Hydrogen
4. Metal A + Salt Solution of Metal B → Salt solution of A + B (Displacement)

(ii) Which of the following pairs will undergo displacement reaction:

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Metals exhibit their chemical properties as per their electron releasing tendency of atoms. The greater the tendency, the more is the reactivity. Metals react with oxygen, water, hydrogen, acids, etc. They act as reducing agents because they can lose electrons. Some reactions metals undergo are given in this Table:

1. Metal + Oxygen → Metal oxide
2. Metal + Water → Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
3. Metal + Acid (dil.) → Metal Salt + Hydrogen
4. Metal A + Salt Solution of Metal B → Salt solution of A + B (Displacement)

(iii) Identify four metals P, Q, S, T with the hints given below:

P forms basic oxides
Q forms amphoteric oxides
S oxide dissolves in water to form alkali
T does not react with water

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Metals exhibit their chemical properties as per their electron releasing tendency of atoms. The greater the tendency, the more is the reactivity. Metals react with oxygen, water, hydrogen, acids, etc. They act as reducing agents because they can lose electrons. Some reactions metals undergo are given in this Table:

1. Metal + Oxygen → Metal oxide
2. Metal + Water → Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
3. Metal + Acid (dil.) → Metal Salt + Hydrogen
4. Metal A + Salt Solution of Metal B → Salt solution of A + B (Displacement)

(iv) The metal which does not react with dilute HCl is:

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Metals exhibit their chemical properties as per their electron releasing tendency of atoms. The greater the tendency, the more is the reactivity. Metals react with oxygen, water, hydrogen, acids, etc. They act as reducing agents because they can lose electrons. Some reactions metals undergo are given in this Table:

1. Metal + Oxygen → Metal oxide
2. Metal + Water → Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
3. Metal + Acid (dil.) → Metal Salt + Hydrogen
4. Metal A + Salt Solution of Metal B → Salt solution of A + B (Displacement) 

(v) Food cans are coated with tin and not with zinc because:

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

All metals do not react with oxygen at the same rate. Different metals show different reactivities towards oxygen. Almost all metals combine with oxygen to form metal oxides. Metal oxides are basic in nature but some metal oxides, such as aluminium oxide, zinc oxide, etc. show both acidic as well as basic behaviour. Most metal oxides are insoluble in water but some like Sodium oxide and Potassium oxide dissolve in water to produce alkalis.

(i) Arrange the metals in the correct order of their reactivity.

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

All metals do not react with oxygen at the same rate. Different metals show different reactivities towards oxygen. Almost all metals combine with oxygen to form metal oxides. Metal oxides are basic in nature but some metal oxides, such as aluminium oxide, zinc oxide, etc. show both acidic as well as basic behaviour. Most metal oxides are insoluble in water but some like Sodium oxide and Potassium oxide dissolve in water to produce alkalis.

(ii) Why does the magnesium ribbon need to be cleaned before burning it in air?

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

All metals do not react with oxygen at the same rate. Different metals show different reactivities towards oxygen. Almost all metals combine with oxygen to form metal oxides. Metal oxides are basic in nature but some metal oxides, such as aluminium oxide, zinc oxide, etc. show both acidic as well as basic behaviour. Most metal oxides are insoluble in water but some like Sodium oxide and Potassium oxide dissolve in water to produce alkalis.

(iii) What is the reason for the surface of aluminium turns into dull colour after few days as shown in the figure?

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

All metals do not react with oxygen at the same rate. Different metals show different reactivities towards oxygen. Almost all metals combine with oxygen to form metal oxides. Metal oxides are basic in nature but some metal oxides, such as aluminium oxide, zinc oxide, etc. show both acidic as well as basic behaviour. Most metal oxides are insoluble in water but some like Sodium oxide and Potassium oxide dissolve in water to produce alkalis.

(iv) Although metals form basic oxides, which of the following metals form an amphoteric oxide?

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

All metals do not react with oxygen at the same rate. Different metals show different reactivities towards oxygen. Almost all metals combine with oxygen to form metal oxides. Metal oxides are basic in nature but some metal oxides, such as aluminium oxide, zinc oxide, etc. show both acidic as well as basic behaviour. Most metal oxides are insoluble in water but some like Sodium oxide and Potassium oxide dissolve in water to produce alkalis.

(v) Aluminium oxide reacts in the following manner with bases. The resultant product is:

$A{l}_2{O}_3+2NaOH⟶$

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

Metals are lustrous, malleable, ductile and are good conductors of heat and electricity. They are solids at room temperature, except mercury which is a liquid. They can form positive ions by losing electrons to non-metals. Metals combine with oxygen to form basic oxides. Different metals have different reactivities with water and dilute acids. Metals above hydrogen in the Activity series can displace hydrogen from dilute acids. A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution. Metals occur in nature as free elements or in the form of their compounds. The extraction of metals from their ores and then refining them for use is known as metallurgy. The surface of some metals, such as iron, is corroded when they are exposed to moist air for a long period of time. This phenomenon is known as corrosion.

Non-metals have properties opposite to that of metals. They are neither malleable nor ductile. They are bad conductors of heat and electricity, except for graphite, which conducts electricity.

(i) Which of the following pairs will give displacement reactions?

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

Metals are lustrous, malleable, ductile and are good conductors of heat and electricity. They are solids at room temperature, except mercury which is a liquid. They can form positive ions by losing electrons to non-metals. Metals combine with oxygen to form basic oxides. Different metals have different reactivities with water and dilute acids. Metals above hydrogen in the Activity series can displace hydrogen from dilute acids. A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution. Metals occur in nature as free elements or in the form of their compounds. The extraction of metals from their ores and then refining them for use is known as metallurgy. The surface of some metals, such as iron, is corroded when they are exposed to moist air for a long period of time. This phenomenon is known as corrosion.

Non-metals have properties opposite to that of metals. They are neither malleable nor ductile. They are bad conductors of heat and electricity, except for graphite, which conducts electricity.

(ii) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point. This compound is also soluble in water. The element is likely to be:

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

Metals are lustrous, malleable, ductile and are good conductors of heat and electricity. They are solids at room temperature, except mercury which is a liquid. They can form positive ions by losing electrons to non-metals. Metals combine with oxygen to form basic oxides. Different metals have different reactivities with water and dilute acids. Metals above hydrogen in the Activity series can displace hydrogen from dilute acids. A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution. Metals occur in nature as free elements or in the form of their compounds. The extraction of metals from their ores and then refining them for use is known as metallurgy. The surface of some metals, such as iron, is corroded when they are exposed to moist air for a long period of time. This phenomenon is known as corrosion.

Non-metals have properties opposite to that of metals. They are neither malleable nor ductile. They are bad conductors of heat and electricity, except for graphite, which conducts electricity.

(iii) A student placed Zn rod in $FeS{O}_4$ solution. After 10 hours when rod was taken out and it was observed that:

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

Metals are lustrous, malleable, ductile and are good conductors of heat and electricity. They are solids at room temperature, except mercury which is a liquid. They can form positive ions by losing electrons to non-metals. Metals combine with oxygen to form basic oxides. Different metals have different reactivities with water and dilute acids. Metals above hydrogen in the Activity series can displace hydrogen from dilute acids. A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution. Metals occur in nature as free elements or in the form of their compounds. The extraction of metals from their ores and then refining them for use is known as metallurgy. The surface of some metals, such as iron, is corroded when they are exposed to moist air for a long period of time. This phenomenon is known as corrosion.

Non-metals have properties opposite to that of metals. They are neither malleable nor ductile. They are bad conductors of heat and electricity, except for graphite, which conducts electricity.

(iv) Formula of cinnabar is:

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

Metals are lustrous, malleable, ductile and are good conductors of heat and electricity. They are solids at room temperature, except mercury which is a liquid. They can form positive ions by losing electrons to non-metals. Metals combine with oxygen to form basic oxides. Different metals have different reactivities with water and dilute acids. Metals above hydrogen in the Activity series can displace hydrogen from dilute acids. A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution. Metals occur in nature as free elements or in the form of their compounds. The extraction of metals from their ores and then refining them for use is known as metallurgy. The surface of some metals, such as iron, is corroded when they are exposed to moist air for a long period of time. This phenomenon is known as corrosion.

Non-metals have properties opposite to that of metals. They are neither malleable nor ductile. They are bad conductors of heat and electricity, except for graphite, which conducts electricity.

(v) The most abundant metal in the earth's crust is:

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

An ionic compound is a chemical compound in which ions of elements are held together by ionic bonds. In this type of bond, two oppositely charged ions are held strongly through electrostatic forces. Metals have loosely bound electrons in their valence shell whereas non-metals need electrons for octet completion and to attain noble gas configuration. The metal thus completely loses an electron and the non-metal accepts it. By this transfer of electrons, the atoms remain no longer neutral. Cations and anions are formed respectively. Usually, ionic compounds are solids and found in the form of crystals. They have high melting and boiling points.

(i) Which among the following forms a cation?

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

An ionic compound is a chemical compound in which ions of elements are held together by ionic bonds. In this type of bond, two oppositely charged ions are held strongly through electrostatic forces. Metals have loosely bound electrons in their valence shell whereas non-metals need electrons for octet completion and to attain noble gas configuration. The metal thus completely loses an electron and the non-metal accepts it. By this transfer of electrons, the atoms remain no longer neutral. Cations and anions are formed respectively. Usually, ionic compounds are solids and found in the form of crystals. They have high melting and boiling points.

(ii) Ionic compounds are soluble in which of the following?

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

An ionic compound is a chemical compound in which ions of elements are held together by ionic bonds. In this type of bond, two oppositely charged ions are held strongly through electrostatic forces. Metals have loosely bound electrons in their valence shell whereas non-metals need electrons for octet completion and to attain noble gas configuration. The metal thus completely loses an electron and the non-metal accepts it. By this transfer of electrons, the atoms remain no longer neutral. Cations and anions are formed respectively. Usually, ionic compounds are solids and found in the form of crystals. They have high melting and boiling points.

(iii) Consider these statements about ionic compounds:
I. They conduct electricity in solid-state
II. They conduct electricity in solutions
III. They conduct electricity in the molten state

Choose the correct option:

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

An ionic compound is a chemical compound in which ions of elements are held together by ionic bonds. In this type of bond, two oppositely charged ions are held strongly through electrostatic forces. Metals have loosely bound electrons in their valence shell whereas non-metals need electrons for octet completion and to attain noble gas configuration. The metal thus completely loses an electron and the non-metal accepts it. By this transfer of electrons, the atoms remain no longer neutral. Cations and anions are formed respectively. Usually, ionic compounds are solids and found in the form of crystals. They have high melting and boiling points.

(iv) Which of the following can change to an anion?

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

An ionic compound is a chemical compound in which ions of elements are held together by ionic bonds. In this type of bond, two oppositely charged ions are held strongly through electrostatic forces. Metals have loosely bound electrons in their valence shell whereas non-metals need electrons for octet completion and to attain noble gas configuration. The metal thus completely loses an electron and the non-metal accepts it. By this transfer of electrons, the atoms remain no longer neutral. Cations and anions are formed respectively. Usually, ionic compounds are solids and found in the form of crystals. They have high melting and boiling points.

(v) Identify the incorrect statement.