Q 1 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

As a versatile element, carbon can form large compounds because of its tetravalency and the property of catenation that it exhibits. Here, catenation refers to the combination of carbon atoms itself to form large molecules. Carbon forms stronger covalent bonds with itself and other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen and chlorine. This is because its nucleus has a strong force of attraction and holds these bonds tightly together.

 

 

(i) The molecular formula of ethane $C_2{H}_6$ has:

• 6 covalent bonds.

   

• 7 covalent bonds.

   

• 8 covalent bonds.

   

• 9 covalent bonds.

   

Q 2 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

As a versatile element, carbon can form large compounds because of its tetravalency and the property of catenation that it exhibits. Here, catenation refers to the combination of carbon atoms itself to form large molecules. Carbon forms stronger covalent bonds with itself and other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen and chlorine. This is because its nucleus has a strong force of attraction and holds these bonds tightly together.

 

 

(ii) Which of the following statements regarding carbon is incorrect?

• single atom of carbon can participate in two double bonds.

   

• A single atom of carbon can participate in three single bonds and one double bond.

   

• A single atom of carbon can participate in four single bonds.

   

• A single atom of carbon can participate in two single bonds and one double bond.

   

Q 3 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

As a versatile element, carbon can form large compounds because of its tetravalency and the property of catenation that it exhibits. Here, catenation refers to the combination of carbon atoms itself to form large molecules. Carbon forms stronger covalent bonds with itself and other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen and chlorine. This is because its nucleus has a strong force of attraction and holds these bonds tightly together.

 

 

(iii) Which of the following puts the elements in the right order in terms of their valency, starting with the element of lowest valency?

• O, C, N, H

   

• C, O, N, H

   

• H, C, O, N

   

• H, O, N, C

   

Q 4 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

As a versatile element, carbon can form large compounds because of its tetravalency and the property of catenation that it exhibits. Here, catenation refers to the combination of carbon atoms itself to form large molecules. Carbon forms stronger covalent bonds with itself and other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen and chlorine. This is because its nucleus has a strong force of attraction and holds these bonds tightly together.

 

 

(iv) Match the columns:

	Column A	Column B
(1)	Methane	(p) $C_8{H}_8$
(2)	Propane	(q) $C_4{H}_{10}$
(3)	Butane	(r) $C_5{H}_{12}$
(4)	Pentane	(s) $C_3{H}_8$
(5)	Octane	(t) $C{H}_4$

 

• (1)-(q), (2)-(s), (3)-(t), (4)-(p), (5)-(r)

   

• (1)-(p), (2)-(r), (3)-(s), (4)-(q), (5)-(t)

   

• (1)-(t), (2)-(s), (3)-(q), (4)-(r), (5)-(p)

   

• (1)-(t), (2)-(q), (3)-(s), (4)-(r), (5)-(p)

   

Q 5 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

As a versatile element, carbon can form large compounds because of its tetravalency and the property of catenation that it exhibits. Here, catenation refers to the combination of carbon atoms itself to form large molecules. Carbon forms stronger covalent bonds with itself and other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen and chlorine. This is because its nucleus has a strong force of attraction and holds these bonds tightly together.

 

 

(v) Which of the following does not represent the molecular formula $C_6{H}_{14}?$

Q 6 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

The nature of the covalent bond enables carbon to form a large number of compounds. Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with other atoms of carbon, giving rise to large molecules. Since carbon has a valency of four, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some other monovalent element.

 

(i) Mark the correct option from the following names marked in A, B and C.

• A- Graphite, B- Diamond, C- Fullerene

   

• A- Diamond, B- Graphite, C- Fullerene

   

• A- Fullerene, B- Diamond, C- Graphite

   

• A- Graphite, B- Fullerene, C- Diamond

   

Q 7 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

The nature of the covalent bond enables carbon to form a large number of compounds. Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with other atoms of carbon, giving rise to large molecules. Since carbon has a valency of four, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some other monovalent element.

 

(ii) The following represent the relation of boiling of alkanes with respect to number of carbon atoms.

 

Which of the following is the correct order for the boiling points of given alkanes?

• $C{H}_4 < C{H}_{3}C{H}_3 < C{H}_{3}C{H}_{2}C{H}_3 < C{H}_{3}C{H}_{2}C{H}_{2}C{H}_3$

   

• $C{H}_4 > C{H}_{3}C{H}_3 > C{H}_{3}C{H}_{2}C{H}_3 > C{H}_{3}C{H}_{2}C{H}_{2}C{H}_3$

   

• $C{H}_4 >C{H}_{3}C{H}_3 < C{H}_{3}C{H}_{2}C{H}_3 > C{H}_{3}C{H}_{2}C{H}_{2}C{H}_3$

   

• $C{H}_4 < C{H}_{3}C{H}_3 > C{H}_{3}C{H}_{2}C{H}_3 > C{H}_{3}C{H}_{2}C{H}_{2}C{H}_3$

   

Q 8 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

The nature of the covalent bond enables carbon to form a large number of compounds. Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with other atoms of carbon, giving rise to large molecules. Since carbon has a valency of four, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some other monovalent element.

 

(iii) Which of the following is the major constituent of the liquefied petroleum gas?

• Methane

   

• Ethane

   

• Propane

   

• Butane

   

Q 9 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

The nature of the covalent bond enables carbon to form a large number of compounds. Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with other atoms of carbon, giving rise to large molecules. Since carbon has a valency of four, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some other monovalent element.

 

(iv) A student while observing the properties of acetic acid would report that this smells like:

• vinegar and turns red litmus blue

   

• rotten egg and turns red litmus blue

   

• vinegar and turns blue litmus red

   

• rotten egg and turns blue litmus red

   

Q 10 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

The nature of the covalent bond enables carbon to form a large number of compounds. Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with other atoms of carbon, giving rise to large molecules. Since carbon has a valency of four, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some other monovalent element.

 

(v) Carbon forms four covalent bonds by sharing its four valence electrons with four univalent atoms, e.g., hydrogen. After the formation of four bonds, carbon attains the electronic configuration of:
 

• Helium

   

• Neon

   

• Argon

   

• Krypton

   

Q 11 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

The phenomenon of the existence of an element in two or more physical forms within the same physical state is known as allotropy. Allotropes have similar physical properties but they differ in chemical properties. In crystalline form, Carbon occurs as graphite, diamond, and fullerenes. Diamond is the hardest natural substance known and is used in cutting marbles, granite, and glass. Graphite is a greyish black and opaque substance, lighter than a diamond with comparatively low density. Graphite has a sheet-like structure having hexagonal layers. One layer slides over the other layer due to weak forces and hence it is soft to touch and breaks easily. Graphite is also used as a lubricant.

 

(i) Substance A is a moderate conductor of electricity. Observe the structure of substance A given below.

Choose the correct statements regarding substance A.
 

Statement I – It is a covalent compound.
Statement II – It has a giant molecular structure.
Statement III – It has the same structure as graphite.
Statement IV – It has the same structure as diamond.

• I and III

   

• II and III

   

• II and IV

   

• I, II and IV

   

Q 12 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

The phenomenon of the existence of an element in two or more physical forms within the same physical state is known as allotropy. Allotropes have similar physical properties but they differ in chemical properties. In crystalline form, Carbon occurs as graphite, diamond, and fullerenes. Diamond is the hardest natural substance known and is used in cutting marbles, granite, and glass. Graphite is a greyish black and opaque substance, lighter than a diamond with comparatively low density. Graphite has a sheet-like structure having hexagonal layers. One layer slides over the other layer due to weak forces and hence it is soft to touch and breaks easily. Graphite is also used as a lubricant.

 

(ii) Which of the following is correct about a diamond’s structure?

• Carbon atoms are held together by single covalent bonds

   

• Electrons move freely through the structure

   

• Layers of atoms slide easily over each other

   

• Carbon atoms conduct electricity in the molten state

   

Q 13 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

The phenomenon of the existence of an element in two or more physical forms within the same physical state is known as allotropy. Allotropes have similar physical properties but they differ in chemical properties. In crystalline form, Carbon occurs as graphite, diamond, and fullerenes. Diamond is the hardest natural substance known and is used in cutting marbles, granite, and glass. Graphite is a greyish black and opaque substance, lighter than a diamond with comparatively low density. Graphite has a sheet-like structure having hexagonal layers. One layer slides over the other layer due to weak forces and hence it is soft to touch and breaks easily. Graphite is also used as a lubricant.

 

(iii) Which three allotropes of carbon do the given figures represent?

• I – Graphite, II – Diamond, III – Fullerene

   

• I – Diamond, II – Fullerene, III – Graphite

   

• I – Graphite, II – Fullerene, III – Diamond

   

• I – Fullerene, II – Graphite, III – Diamond

   

Q 14 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

The phenomenon of the existence of an element in two or more physical forms within the same physical state is known as allotropy. Allotropes have similar physical properties but they differ in chemical properties. In crystalline form, Carbon occurs as graphite, diamond, and fullerenes. Diamond is the hardest natural substance known and is used in cutting marbles, granite, and glass. Graphite is a greyish black and opaque substance, lighter than a diamond with comparatively low density. Graphite has a sheet-like structure having hexagonal layers. One layer slides over the other layer due to weak forces and hence it is soft to touch and breaks easily. Graphite is also used as a lubricant.

 

(iv) Identify the incorrect statement(s):

I. Diamond is the hardest substance known while graphite breaks easily.
II. Each carbon atom in diamond is bonded to 4 other carbon atoms in a tetrahedral manner to form a giant lattice. All carbon atoms are bonded by strong covalent bonds.
III. Graphite is poor conductor of electricity unlike other non-metals.
IV. In each layer of graphite, each carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms forming hexagonal rings of carbon atoms.

• I and III

   

• Only III

   

• II and IV

   

• I, II and IV

   

Q 15 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

The phenomenon of the existence of an element in two or more physical forms within the same physical state is known as allotropy. Allotropes have similar physical properties but they differ in chemical properties. In crystalline form, Carbon occurs as graphite, diamond, and fullerenes. Diamond is the hardest natural substance known and is used in cutting marbles, granite, and glass. Graphite is a greyish black and opaque substance, lighter than a diamond with comparatively low density. Graphite has a sheet-like structure having hexagonal layers. One layer slides over the other layer due to weak forces and hence it is soft to touch and breaks easily. Graphite is also used as a lubricant.

 

(v) The number of carbon atoms surrounding each carbon atom in a diamond are:

• 3

   

• 4

   

• 2

   

• 5

   

Q 16 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

The compounds which have the same molecular formula but differ from each other in physical or chemical properties are called isomers and this phenomenon is known as isomerism. Structural isomerism is when isomers have difference in the arrangement of atoms within the molecule, without any reference to space. We can say that compounds which have the same molecular formula but different structural formula show structural isomerism. Compounds of carbon show this phenomenon as the atoms can be linked together in the form of straight chains, branched chains or even rings.

 

(i) Among the following sets of compounds, choose the set having the same molecular formulae:

• Butane and iso-butane

   

• Cyclohexane and hexene

   

• Propanal and propanone

   

• All of the above

   

Q 17 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

The compounds which have the same molecular formula but differ from each other in physical or chemical properties are called isomers and this phenomenon is known as isomerism. Structural isomerism is when isomers have difference in the arrangement of atoms within the molecule, without any reference to space. We can say that compounds which have the same molecular formula but different structural formula show structural isomerism. Compounds of carbon show this phenomenon as the atoms can be linked together in the form of straight chains, branched chains or even rings.

 

(ii) The minimum number of carbon atoms required in an organic compound, in order to form branch:

• 3

   

• 4

   

• 5

   

• 2

   

Q 18 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

The compounds which have the same molecular formula but differ from each other in physical or chemical properties are called isomers and this phenomenon is known as isomerism. Structural isomerism is when isomers have difference in the arrangement of atoms within the molecule, without any reference to space. We can say that compounds which have the same molecular formula but different structural formula show structural isomerism. Compounds of carbon show this phenomenon as the atoms can be linked together in the form of straight chains, branched chains or even rings.

 

(iii) Which of the following pairs show isomerism?

• Ethane and ethene

   

• Propane and butane

   

• Ethane and propane

   

• Butane and 2-methyl propane

   

Q 19 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

The compounds which have the same molecular formula but differ from each other in physical or chemical properties are called isomers and this phenomenon is known as isomerism. Structural isomerism is when isomers have difference in the arrangement of atoms within the molecule, without any reference to space. We can say that compounds which have the same molecular formula but different structural formula show structural isomerism. Compounds of carbon show this phenomenon as the atoms can be linked together in the form of straight chains, branched chains or even rings.

 

(iv) Which among the following has the longest chain?

• Iso-pentane

   

• 2-methylpentane

   

• 2,2-dimethylbutane

   

• neopentane

   

Q 20 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

The compounds which have the same molecular formula but differ from each other in physical or chemical properties are called isomers and this phenomenon is known as isomerism. Structural isomerism is when isomers have difference in the arrangement of atoms within the molecule, without any reference to space. We can say that compounds which have the same molecular formula but different structural formula show structural isomerism. Compounds of carbon show this phenomenon as the atoms can be linked together in the form of straight chains, branched chains or even rings.

 

(v) The number of isomers of pentane is:

• 4

   

• 3

   

• 2

   

• 5

   

Q 21 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

The ability of carbon to form chains gives rise to a homologous series of compounds in which the same functional group is attached to carbon chains of different lengths. It is hard to remember every compound. To remember compounds easily, we classify them in groups as per their functional groups. A series in which compounds with the same functional group are arranged is a homologous series. All the members of a homologous series can be found by a general formula. The consecutive members of a homologous series differ by $–C{H}_2$ group.

 

(i) Subsequent members of homologous series differ by how many atomic mass units?

• 14

   

• 16

   

• 24

   

• 28

   

Q 22 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

The ability of carbon to form chains gives rise to a homologous series of compounds in which the same functional group is attached to carbon chains of different lengths. It is hard to remember every compound. To remember compounds easily, we classify them in groups as per their functional groups. A series in which compounds with the same functional group are arranged is a homologous series. All the members of a homologous series can be found by a general formula. The consecutive members of a homologous series differ by group.

 

(ii) The first member of alkyne homologous series is:

• Ethyne

   

• Ethene

   

• Propyne

   

• Methane

   

Q 23 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

The ability of carbon to form chains gives rise to a homologous series of compounds in which the same functional group is attached to carbon chains of different lengths. It is hard to remember every compound. To remember compounds easily, we classify them in groups as per their functional groups. A series in which compounds with the same functional group are arranged is a homologous series. All the members of a homologous series can be found by a general formula. The consecutive members of a homologous series differ by group.

 

(iii) Which of the given does not belong to the same homologous series?

• $C{H}_4$

   

• $C_2{H}_6$

   

• $C_3{H}_8$

   

• $C_4{H}_8$

   

Q 24 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

The ability of carbon to form chains gives rise to a homologous series of compounds in which the same functional group is attached to carbon chains of different lengths. It is hard to remember every compound. To remember compounds easily, we classify them in groups as per their functional groups. A series in which compounds with the same functional group are arranged is a homologous series. All the members of a homologous series can be found by a general formula. The consecutive members of a homologous series differ by group.

 

(iv) Which one of the following statements regarding alkanes is false?

• Alkanes are non-polar molecules

   

• Alkanes are soluble in water

   

• Alkanes experience dispersion forces

   

• Alkanes have low boiling points

   

Q 25 :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v):

The ability of carbon to form chains gives rise to a homologous series of compounds in which the same functional group is attached to carbon chains of different lengths. It is hard to remember every compound. To remember compounds easily, we classify them in groups as per their functional groups. A series in which compounds with the same functional group are arranged is a homologous series. All the members of a homologous series can be found by a general formula. The consecutive members of a homologous series differ by group.

 

(v) Match the following with correct response.

Column-A	Column-B
1. Catenation	(A) Butene
2. Alkane	(B) Carbon compounds
3. Alkene	(C) Ethyne
4. Alkyne	(D) Ethane

• 1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B

   

• 1-C, 2-B, 3-D, 4-A

   

• 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C

   

• 1-A, 2-C, 3-B, 4-D