Look at the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae and certain bacteria to turn sunlight, carbon dioxide $(CO₂)$ and water into food (sugars) and oxygen. There are two types of photosynthetic processes: oxygenic photosynthesis and anoxygenic photosynthesis. They both follow very similar principles, but oxygenic photosynthesis is the most common and is seen in plants, algae and cyanobacteria.

(i) What is the name of the pigment that should be filled in the box 1?

Look at the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae and certain bacteria to turn sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into food (sugars) and oxygen. There are two types of photosynthetic processes: oxygenic photosynthesis and anoxygenic photosynthesis. They both follow very similar principles, but oxygenic photosynthesis is the most common and is seen in plants, algae and cyanobacteria.

(ii) What is the thing that plants absorb through their roots and should be filled in box 2 to complete the picture?

Look at the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae and certain bacteria to turn sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into food (sugars) and oxygen. There are two types of photosynthetic processes: oxygenic photosynthesis and anoxygenic photosynthesis. They both follow very similar principles, but oxygenic photosynthesis is the most common and is seen in plants, algae and cyanobacteria.

(iii) An appropriate entry for the box 3 shown in the figure is:

Look at the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae and certain bacteria to turn sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into food (sugars) and oxygen. There are two types of photosynthetic processes: oxygenic photosynthesis and anoxygenic photosynthesis. They both follow very similar principles, but oxygenic photosynthesis is the most common and is seen in plants, algae and cyanobacteria.

(iv) Final outputs from the photosynthesis, to be filled in boxes 4 and 5, are:

Look at the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae and certain bacteria to turn sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into food (sugars) and oxygen. There are two types of photosynthetic processes: oxygenic photosynthesis and anoxygenic photosynthesis. They both follow very similar principles, but oxygenic photosynthesis is the most common and is seen in plants, algae and cyanobacteria.

(v) Overall, what is the energy conversion summary in the process of photosynthesis?

Refer the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

In a nutshell, digestion involves breaking down large food molecules into water-soluble molecules that can be passed into the blood and transported to the body’s organs. For instance, carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, proteins into amino acids, and fats into fatty acids and glycerol. The digestive system involves “hollow” organs and “solid” organs. Food travels through the hollow organs — mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. The solid organs — pancreas, liver, and gallbladder — add various products into the mix. Aside from the solid and hollow organs, the nervous and circulatory systems are also important in digestion, as are the bacteria that live in the gut.

(i) The given picture shows a part of :

Refer the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

In a nutshell, digestion involves breaking down large food molecules into water-soluble molecules that can be passed into the blood and transported to the body’s organs. For instance, carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, proteins into amino acids, and fats into fatty acids and glycerol. The digestive system involves “hollow” organs and “solid” organs. Food travels through the hollow organs — mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. The solid organs — pancreas, liver, and gallbladder — add various products into the mix. Aside from the solid and hollow organs, the nervous and circulatory systems are also important in digestion, as are the bacteria that live in the gut.

(ii) Food taken in is processed to generate particles, which are small and of the same texture through:

Refer the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

In a nutshell, digestion involves breaking down large food molecules into water-soluble molecules that can be passed into the blood and transported to the body’s organs. For instance, carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, proteins into amino acids, and fats into fatty acids and glycerol. The digestive system involves “hollow” organs and “solid” organs. Food travels through the hollow organs — mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. The solid organs — pancreas, liver, and gallbladder — add various products into the mix. Aside from the solid and hollow organs, the nervous and circulatory systems are also important in digestion, as are the bacteria that live in the gut.

(iii) Biological catalysts which help in food disintegration are also known as:

Refer the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

In a nutshell, digestion involves breaking down large food molecules into water-soluble molecules that can be passed into the blood and transported to the body’s organs. For instance, carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, proteins into amino acids, and fats into fatty acids and glycerol. The digestive system involves “hollow” organs and “solid” organs. Food travels through the hollow organs — mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. The solid organs — pancreas, liver, and gallbladder — add various products into the mix. Aside from the solid and hollow organs, the nervous and circulatory systems are also important in digestion, as are the bacteria that live in the gut.

(iv) Digestion functions are taken care of by the gastric glands present in the wall of the stomach by releasing the following :

Refer the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

In a nutshell, digestion involves breaking down large food molecules into water-soluble molecules that can be passed into the blood and transported to the body’s organs. For instance, carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, proteins into amino acids, and fats into fatty acids and glycerol. The digestive system involves “hollow” organs and “solid” organs. Food travels through the hollow organs — mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. The solid organs — pancreas, liver, and gallbladder — add various products into the mix. Aside from the solid and hollow organs, the nervous and circulatory systems are also important in digestion, as are the bacteria that live in the gut.

(v) Protein, carbohydrate, and fat components of food are completely digested in the:

Read the passage given below carefully and answer any the following questions from (i) to (v).

Transportation is a vital process in plants. Trees transport all the nutrients and water it needs for survival from its roots to the tips of the leaves. In the case of transportation in plants, the biggest constraint is water as it ends up being a limiting factor in growth. To overcome this problem, trees and other plants have the perfect system for the absorption and translocation of water. Plants contain a vast network of conduits which consist of xylem and phloem. This is more like the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the human body. Similar to the circulatory system in humans, the xylem and phloem tissues extend throughout the plant. These conducting tissues originate from the roots and move up through the trunks of trees. Later they branch off into the branches and then branching even further into every leaf, like spider webs.

(i) Plant transport systems transports:

Read the passage given below carefully and answer any the following questions from (i) to (v).

Transportation is a vital process in plants. Trees transport all the nutrients and water it needs for survival from its roots to the tips of the leaves. In the case of transportation in plants, the biggest constraint is water as it ends up being a limiting factor in growth. To overcome this problem, trees and other plants have the perfect system for the absorption and translocation of water. Plants contain a vast network of conduits which consist of xylem and phloem. This is more like the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the human body. Similar to the circulatory system in humans, the xylem and phloem tissues extend throughout the plant. These conducting tissues originate from the roots and move up through the trunks of trees. Later they branch off into the branches and then branching even further into every leaf, like spider webs.

(ii) The loss of water in the form of vapour from the aerial parts of the plant is known as :

Read the passage given below carefully and answer any the following questions from (i) to (v).

Transportation is a vital process in plants. Trees transport all the nutrients and water it needs for survival from its roots to the tips of the leaves. In the case of transportation in plants, the biggest constraint is water as it ends up being a limiting factor in growth. To overcome this problem, trees and other plants have the perfect system for the absorption and translocation of water. Plants contain a vast network of conduits which consist of xylem and phloem. This is more like the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the human body. Similar to the circulatory system in humans, the xylem and phloem tissues extend throughout the plant. These conducting tissues originate from the roots and move up through the trunks of trees. Later they branch off into the branches and then branching even further into every leaf, like spider webs.

(iii) Tissues responsible for movement of water and minerals from roots to the other parts of plant are known as :

Read the passage given below carefully and answer any the following questions from (i) to (v).

Transportation is a vital process in plants. Trees transport all the nutrients and water it needs for survival from its roots to the tips of the leaves. In the case of transportation in plants, the biggest constraint is water as it ends up being a limiting factor in growth. To overcome this problem, trees and other plants have the perfect system for the absorption and translocation of water. Plants contain a vast network of conduits which consist of xylem and phloem. This is more like the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the human body. Similar to the circulatory system in humans, the xylem and phloem tissues extend throughout the plant. These conducting tissues originate from the roots and move up through the trunks of trees. Later they branch off into the branches and then branching even further into every leaf, like spider webs.

(iv) Phloem tissues transport:

Read the passage given below carefully and answer any the following questions from (i) to (v).

Transportation is a vital process in plants. Trees transport all the nutrients and water it needs for survival from its roots to the tips of the leaves. In the case of transportation in plants, the biggest constraint is water as it ends up being a limiting factor in growth. To overcome this problem, trees and other plants have the perfect system for the absorption and translocation of water. Plants contain a vast network of conduits which consist of xylem and phloem. This is more like the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the human body. Similar to the circulatory system in humans, the xylem and phloem tissues extend throughout the plant. These conducting tissues originate from the roots and move up through the trunks of trees. Later they branch off into the branches and then branching even further into every leaf, like spider webs.

(v) Which of the processes does not involve the use of energy?

Read the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

The graph below shows the percent of undigested carbohydrates, proteins and fats as the food passes through the human digestive tract. X axis represents sequential structure that makes up the digestive tract.

(i) In humans, chemical digestion is accomplished by enzyme action that begins in the mouth and ends in the:

Read the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

The graph below shows the percent of undigested carbohydrates, proteins and fats as the food passes through the human digestive tract. X axis represents sequential structure that makes up the digestive tract.

(ii) Which of the following is the correct order for process of nutrition?

Read the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

The graph below shows the percent of undigested carbohydrates, proteins and fats as the food passes through the human digestive tract. X axis represents sequential structure that makes up the digestive tract.

(iii) In which organ does the first digestion of starch occur in humans?

Read the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

The graph below shows the percent of undigested carbohydrates, proteins and fats as the food passes through the human digestive tract. X axis represents sequential structure that makes up the digestive tract.

(iv) Which of the following converts starch to glucose, proteins to amino acids and fats to glycerol?

Read the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

The graph below shows the percent of undigested carbohydrates, proteins and fats as the food passes through the human digestive tract. X axis represents sequential structure that makes up the digestive tract.

(v) Bile juice does not contain any enzyme but bile salts are important for digestion and absorption of fats. Why?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Traditionally the process of respiration is divided into three phases:
(1) ventilation of the gas exchange organs better known as breathing, (2) transport of respiratory gases and, (3) cellular respiration.We assimilate chemical energy from the environment and transfer it from molecule to molecule in a stepwise fashion within our cells. Although studied separately, these phases represent a continuum and processes of cellular respiration in all life forms is mostly common.

(i) The energy released during cellular respiration is immediately used to synthesise a molecule called _______ which is used to fuel all other activities in the cell.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Traditionally the process of respiration is divided into three phases:
(1) ventilation of the gas exchange organs better known as breathing, (2) transport of respiratory gases and, (3) cellular respiration.We assimilate chemical energy from the environment and transfer it from molecule to molecule in a stepwise fashion within our cells. Although studied separately, these phases represent a continuum and processes of cellular respiration in all life forms is mostly common.

(ii) The ultimate breakdown products of glucose in our body are:

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Traditionally the process of respiration is divided into three phases:
(1) ventilation of the gas exchange organs better known as breathing, (2) transport of respiratory gases and, (3) cellular respiration.We assimilate chemical energy from the environment and transfer it from molecule to molecule in a stepwise fashion within our cells. Although studied separately, these phases represent a continuum and processes of cellular respiration in all life forms is mostly common.

(iii) Which one of the following statements is not true?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Traditionally the process of respiration is divided into three phases:
(1) ventilation of the gas exchange organs better known as breathing, (2) transport of respiratory gases and, (3) cellular respiration.We assimilate chemical energy from the environment and transfer it from molecule to molecule in a stepwise fashion within our cells. Although studied separately, these phases represent a continuum and processes of cellular respiration in all life forms is mostly common.

(iv) Air passages within the lungs terminate in structures called:

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

Traditionally the process of respiration is divided into three phases:
(1) ventilation of the gas exchange organs better known as breathing, (2) transport of respiratory gases and, (3) cellular respiration.We assimilate chemical energy from the environment and transfer it from molecule to molecule in a stepwise fashion within our cells. Although studied separately, these phases represent a continuum and processes of cellular respiration in all life forms is mostly common.

(v) What is the function of rings of cartilage present in our throat?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

A normal human heart is a strong, hard-working pump made of muscle tissues. It is about the size of a person’s fist. The heart comprises four chambers. The upper two chambers are known as atria, and the lower two are known as ventricles. These chambers are separated by a wall of tissue known as the septum. Blood is pumped through the chambers, assisted by four heart valves. The valves open and close to allow blood flow in only one direction.

(i) Blood that is brought back to the heart is rich in:

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

A normal human heart is a strong, hard-working pump made of muscle tissues. It is about the size of a person’s fist. The heart comprises four chambers. The upper two chambers are known as atria, and the lower two are known as ventricles. These chambers are separated by a wall of tissue known as the septum. Blood is pumped through the chambers, assisted by four heart valves. The valves open and close to allow blood flow in only one direction.

(ii) Which one of the two, atria or ventricles, has thicker muscular walls?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

A normal human heart is a strong, hard-working pump made of muscle tissues. It is about the size of a person’s fist. The heart comprises four chambers. The upper two chambers are known as atria, and the lower two are known as ventricles. These chambers are separated by a wall of tissue known as the septum. Blood is pumped through the chambers, assisted by four heart valves. The valves open and close to allow blood flow in only one direction.

(iii) Blood is pumped out to the body when:

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

A normal human heart is a strong, hard-working pump made of muscle tissues. It is about the size of a person’s fist. The heart comprises four chambers. The upper two chambers are known as atria, and the lower two are known as ventricles. These chambers are separated by a wall of tissue known as the septum. Blood is pumped through the chambers, assisted by four heart valves. The valves open and close to allow blood flow in only one direction.

(iv) Which one of the statements given below is not true?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to (v).

A normal human heart is a strong, hard-working pump made of muscle tissues. It is about the size of a person’s fist. The heart comprises four chambers. The upper two chambers are known as atria, and the lower two are known as ventricles. These chambers are separated by a wall of tissue known as the septum. Blood is pumped through the chambers, assisted by four heart valves. The valves open and close to allow blood flow in only one direction.

(v) The force that blood exerts against the wall of a vessel is called: