Study Chapter Details
UP Board Class 11 Chemistry – Thermodynamics
The chapter Thermodynamics deals with the study of energy changes that occur during physical and chemical processes. It helps students understand how energy flows between a system and its surroundings, making it one of the most important topics in Physical Chemistry.
Students learn fundamental terms such as system, surroundings, state, process, work, heat, and internal energy. The chapter explains the First Law of Thermodynamics, which states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only converted from one form to another. Concepts like enthalpy (ΔH), heat capacity, and specific heat help students analyze heat changes in reactions.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics introduces the idea of spontaneity and entropy (ΔS), explaining why certain reactions occur naturally. Students also explore Gibbs free energy (ΔG), a key parameter for predicting the feasibility of reactions.
