Study Chapter Details
UP Board Class 11 Chemistry – Equilibrium
The chapter Equilibrium explains how chemical and physical processes reach a stable state where opposing changes occur at the same rate. This concept is essential for understanding reactions that do not go to completion but instead balance between reactants and products.
Students first learn about physical equilibrium, such as the equilibrium between liquid and vapor. The chapter then focuses on chemical equilibrium, describing how reversible reactions behave and how equilibrium is established.
A key part of this chapter is Le Chatelier’s Principle, which predicts how changes in temperature, pressure, or concentration affect the equilibrium state. Students also study law of mass action, equilibrium constant (Kc, Kp), and how to calculate the extent of reaction.
The chapter covers ionization equilibria in solutions, including pH, buffer solutions, solubility product (Ksp), and common ion effect, which are crucial for understanding acid–base chemistry.
