(1)

Ribosome is responsible for synthesising proteins. The ribosome consists of structural RNAs and about 80 different proteins. In its inactive state, it exists as two subunits; large subunit and a small subunit. When the small subunit encounters mRNA, the process of translation of the mRNA to protein begins.

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siRNA is not required for protein synthesis. Instead, they are highly specific and interfere with the expression of specific genes with complementary nucleotide sequences by degrading mRNA after transcription, thus preventing translation.

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Translation is the process of polymerisation of amino acids to form a polypeptide. The order and sequence of amino acids are defined by the sequence of bases in the mRNA. The amino acids are joined by a bond that is known as a peptide bond. Formation of a peptide bond requires energy. So, in the first phase itself amino acids are activated in the presence of ATP and linked to their cognate tRNA—a process commonly called as charging of tRNA or aminoacylation of tRNA.

(1)

The association of many ribosomes with single mRNA leads to formation of polyribosomes or polysomes. It occurs during translation process of protein synthesis.

(3)