The last chromosome sequenced in Human Genome Project was [2023]
chromosome 6
chromosome 1
chromosome 22
chromosome 14
(2)
In Human Genome Project, the sequencing of last human chromosome, i.e., chromosome 1, was completed in May 2006.
Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) refers to [2023]
all genes whether expressed or unexpressed
certain important expressed genes
all genes that are expressed as RNA
all genes that are expressed as proteins
(3)
Expressed sequence tag is one of the major approach of human genome project methodology. It is focused on identifying all the genes that are expressed as RNA.
If a geneticist uses the blind approach for sequencing the whole genome of an organism, followed by assignment of function to different segments, the methodology adopted by him is called as: [2022]
Sequence annotation
Gene mapping
Expressed sequence tags
Bioinformatics
(1)
In sequence annotation the geneticist used the blind approach of simple sequencing the whole set of genome that contained all the coding and non-coding sequence and later assigning different regions in the sequence with functions.
Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) refers to [2019]
novel DNA sequences
genes expressed as RNA
polypeptide expression
DNA polymorphism
(2)
Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) are genes that are expressed as RNA. It is used in sequencing of human genome.
Identify the correct order of organisation of genetic material from largest to smallest. [2015]
Genome, chromosome, gene, nucleotide
Chromosome, genome, nucleotide, gene
Chromosome, gene, genome, nucleotide
Genome, chromosome, nucleotide, gene
(1)
In genome all the genes are contained in a single set of chromosomes. The instructions in our genome are present in the form of DNA. DNA has a complicated structure in the form of a double helix. Single strands of DNA are coiled up into structures called chromosomes. Within the chromosomes, segments of DNA are “read” together to form genes. Thus, a gene is a segment of DNA or chromosome situated at a specific locus (gene locus) which carries coded information associated with a specific function and can undergo crossing over as well as mutation. A nucleotide is the basic unit of DNA made up of a pentose sugar, phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base.
Satellite DNA is important because it [2015]
does not code for proteins and is same in all members of the population
codes for enzymes needed for DNA replication
codes for proteins needed in cell cycle
shows high degree of polymorphism in population and also the same degree of polymorphism in an individual, which is heritable from parents to children.
(4)
Satellite DNA is that part of repetitive DNA which has long repetitive nucleotide sequences in tandem that forms a separate fraction on density ultracentrifugation. DNA fingerprinting involves identifying differences in some specific regions in DNA sequence called as repetitive DNA, because in these sequences, a small stretch of DNA is repeated many times. These repetitive DNA sequences are separated from bulk genomic DNA as different peaks during density gradient centrifugation. The bulk DNA forms a major peak and the other small peaks are referred to as satellite DNA. Depending on base composition (A:T rich or G:C rich), length of segment, and number of repetitive units, the satellite DNA is classified into many categories, such as micro-satellites, mini-satellites, etc. These sequences normally do not code for any proteins, but they form a large portion of human genome. These sequences show high degree of polymorphism and form the basis of DNA fingerprinting. Since DNA from every tissue (such as blood, hair-follicle, skin, bone, saliva, sperm, etc.) from an individual show the same degree of polymorphism, they become very useful identification tool in forensic applications.
