(3)

Flippers of Penguins and Dolphins are considered as an example of convergent evolution. These are analogous that structures are not anatomically similar structures but evolved for the same function and hence having similarity i.e., for swimming. It is the similar habitat that has resulted in selection of similar adaptive features in different groups of organisms but toward the same function.

(4)

Flippers of penguins and dolphins are pair of analogous organs.

(3)

Herbicide resistant weeds, drug resistant eukaryotes and man-created breeds of domesticated animals like dogs are examples of evolution by anthropogenic action. Darwin’s Finches of Galapagos islands are example of natural selection, adaptive radiation and Founder’s effect.

(1)

Embryological support for evolution was disapproved by Karl Ernst von Baer. He noted that embryos never pass through the adult stages of other animals.

(2)

Analogous structures are result of convergent evolution, i.e., different structures evolving for the same function and hence having similarity. For example, the eye of the octopus and of mammals, the flippers of penguins and dolphins.

(1)

Homologous organs are those organs which have the same fundamental structure but are different in functions. Wings of birds and forelimbs of horse show homology because skeletal parts of their forelimbs are similar in structure and arrangement but have different functions.

(4)

Eye of octopus, bat and man are examples of analogous organs showing convergent evolution.

(2)

Homologous organs have same fundamental structure but different functions. The wing of a bird and flipper of a whale are structurally forelimbs, which consist of humerus, radio-ulna, carpals, metacarpals and digits but they perform different functions. The wings of birds help them to fly while flipper helps the whale to swim.

(4)

The organs which have similar functions but are different in their structural details and origin are called analogous organs. The analogous structures are the result of convergent evolution.

(4)

Analogous organs are the organs which have similar function but are different in their structural details and origin. The analogous structures are the result of convergent evolution. The wings of an insect are analogous to wings of a bird because the basic structure of the wings of the insects is different from the wings of bird. However, their function is similar.