Due to increasing air-borne allergens and pollutants, many people in urban areas are suffering from respiratory disorder that cause wheezing due to [2019]
reduction in the secretion of surfactant by pneumocytes
benign growth on mucous lining of nasal cavity
inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles
proliferation of fibrous tissues and damage of the alveolar walls
(3)
Allergens cause bronchial asthma that stimulates release of histamine from mast cells. Symptoms of bronchial asthma are coughing, wheezing (breathing noisily), difficulty in breathing due to inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles.
Which of the following options correctly represents the lung conditions in asthma and emphysema, respectively? [2018]
Inflammation of bronchioles; Decreased respiratory surface
Increased number of bronchioles; Increased respiratory surface
Increased respiratory surface; Inflammation of bronchioles
Decreased respiratory surface; Inflammation of bronchioles
(1)
Asthma is a difficulty in breathing causing wheezing due to inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles. Emphysema is a chronic disorder in which abnormal distension of the bronchioles or alveolar sacs of the lungs occurs due to which respiratory surface is decreased for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Which of the following is an occupational respiratory disorder? [2018]
Anthracis
Silicosis
Botulism
Emphysema
(2)
Occupational respiratory disorders are due to the occupation of the individual. Silicosis is an occupational disease that occurs due to the excessive inhalation of silica dust by the workers of mining industry. Long exposure can cause proliferation of fibrous connective tissue (fibrosis) of upper part of lungs causing inflammation. Anthrax and botulism are bacterial diseases of humans caused by Bacillus anthracis and Clostridium botulinum respectively. Emphysema is an abnormal distension of the bronchioles or alveolar sacs of the lungs.
Name the chronic respiratory disorder caused mainly by cigarette smoking. [2016]
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Emphysema
Asthma
(3)
Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) caused due to cigarette smoking. It is an inflation or abnormal distention of the bronchioles or alveolar sacs of the lungs which causes irreversible distension and loss of elasticity in the walls of alveolar sacs of the lungs.
Asthma may be attributed to [2016]
inflammation of the trachea
accumulation of fluid in the lungs
bacterial infection of the lungs
allergic reaction of the mast cells in the lungs.
(4)
Asthma is an allergic condition in which the tissue surrounding the bronchioles of the lungs swell up and compress the bronchioles thus causing difficulty in breathing. This allergy mainly involves IgE antibodies and chemicals like histamine and serotonin from the mast cells.
Name the pulmonary disease in which alveolar surface area involved in gas exchange is drastically reduced due to damage in the alveolar walls. [2015]
Pneumonia
Asthma
Pleurisy
Emphysema
