According to Gauss law of electrostatics, electric flux through a closed surface depends on [2023]
the area of the surface
the quantity of charges enclosed by the surface
the shape of the surface
the volume enclosed by the surface
(2)
For a closed surface net electric flux () depends upon the net charge enclosed. Mathematically
A charge is placed at the centre of a cube. The flux coming out from any one of its faces will be (in SI unit) [2023]
(4)
Total flux from any closed surface is times net charge enclosed. So flux from any one surface of cube is times total charge enclosed.
If over a surface, then [2023]
all the charges must necessarily be inside the surface
the electric field inside the surface is necessarily uniform
the number of flux lines entering the surface must be equal to the number of flux lines leaving it
the magnitude of electric field on the surface is constant.
(3)
The term represents electric flux over the closed surface and electric flux is proportional to the number of electric field lines. If , it means that the number of flux lines entering the surface must be equal to the number of flux lines leaving it.