The capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell of the plant is called: [2024]
totipotency
micropropagation
differentiation
somatic hybridisation
(1)
Totipotency is the capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell or explant. Any part of a plant can be taken out and grown in a test tube under sterile conditions in a special nutrient medium to regenerate a whole plant by virtue of totipotency.
Which of the following are fused in somatic hybridisation involving two varieties of plants? [2024]
Callus
Somatic embryos
Protoplasts
Pollens
(3)
Somatic hybridisation involves fusion of protoplasts obtained from two different varieties after digesting their cell walls. These hybrids are called somatic hybrids e.g., pomato is a somatic hybrid of tomato and potato.
Match List-I with List-II. [2021]
| List-I | List-II |
|---|---|
| (p) Protoplast fusion | (i) Totipotency |
| (q) Plant tissue culture | (ii) Pomato |
| (r) Meristem culture | (iii) Somaclones |
| (s) Micropropagation | (iv) Virus free plants |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
p - (iv), q - (iii), r - (ii), s - (i)
p - (iii), q - (iv), r - (ii), s - (i)
p - (ii), q - (i), r - (iv), s - (iii)
p - (iii), q - (iv), r - (i), s - (ii)
A protoplast is a cell: [2015]
undergoing division
without cell wall
without plasma membrane
without nucleus
(2)
A protoplast is a cell which has its cell wall removed by mechanical or enzymatic means.
A technique of micropropagation is: [2015]
protoplast fusion
embryo rescue
somatic hybridisation
somatic embryogenesis
(4)
Micropropagation is the latest method of obtaining a large number of plantlets from plant tissue culture. It is called micropropagation because of the minute size of the propagules. It involves repeated subculture of the explant by changing the medium so as to form a large number of plantlets from that single explant. Somatic embryogenesis i.e., developing embryos from somatic cells is one of the techniques of micropropagation.
Which of the following enhances or induces fusion of protoplasts? [2015]
IAA and kinetin
IAA and gibberellins
Sodium chloride and potassium chloride
Polyethylene glycol and sodium nitrate
(4)
When a hybrid is produced by fusion of somatic cells of two varieties or species, it is known as somatic hybrid. The process of producing somatic hybrids is called somatic hybridization. First, the cell wall of the plant cells are removed then the protoplasts of the two cells are brought in contact and made to fuse by means of electrofusion or chemicals like polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sodium nitrate. The fused protoplasts soon develop their own walls and are called somatic hybrids.
To obtain virus-free healthy plants from a diseased one by tissue culture technique, which part/parts of the diseased plant will be taken? [2014]
Apical meristem only
Palisade parenchyma
Both apical and axillary meristems
Epidermis only
(3)
Meristem is a localized group of cells, which are actively dividing and undifferentiated but ultimately giving rise to permanent tissue. Although the plant is infected with a virus, yet the meristem is free of virus. Therefore, meristem can be removed and grown in vitro to obtain virus free plants. Cultivation of axillary or apical shoot meristems is called meristem culture. The apical or axillary meristems are generally free from virus.
